Chapter 8 And Chapter 9: Biology, The
Essentials -Test Bank by Marielle
Hoefnagels
meiosis - Answer division of genetic material that halves the chromosome number and yields
genetically variable gametes
gamete - Answer a sex cell; sperm or egg cell
fertilization - Answer the union of two gametes
mitosis - Answer _____ produces the cells that build the human body
apoptosis - Answer The intentional death of a cell is called ________
genome - Answer all the genetic material in an organism is called the ______
chromosome - Answer a continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein in the nucleus
of a eukaryotic cell; also, the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell
mutation - Answer a change in a DNA sequence
binary fission - Answer type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryotic cell divides into
two identical cells
chromatin - Answer The long strand of DNA that makes up chromosomes
nucleosome - Answer the basic unit of chromatin; consists of DNA wrapped around eight
histone proteins
chromatid - Answer one of two identical DNA molecules that make up a replicated
chromosome
, cell cycle - Answer sequence of events that occur in an actively dividing cell
interphase - Answer stage preceding mitosis or meiosis, when the cell carries out its functions,
replicates its DNA, and grows
mitosis - Answer The division of the nucleus in order to create two identical cells is called
_____
cytokinesis - Answer The division of the cell (after mitosis) to pop out two new cells is called
_____
G1 phase - Answer First Stage of interphase in which the cell grows and carries out its basic
functions
S phase - Answer The middle phase in interphase where DNA replication occurs
G2 phase - Answer gap stage of interphase in which the cell synthesizes and stores membrane
components and spindle proteins in preparation for cell division
prophase - Answer stage of mitosis when chromosomes condense and the spindles begin to
form
spindle - Answer a structure of microtubules that aligns and separates chromosomes in
mitosis
centrosome - Answer part of the cell that organizes microtubules
metaphase - Answer When the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell, this is
called _______
anaphase - Answer When the spindle rips the chromosome in half, pulling a newly formed
chromatid to each end of the cell, this is called ______
telophase - Answer When the chromatids arrive at each end of the cell and begin to form a
Essentials -Test Bank by Marielle
Hoefnagels
meiosis - Answer division of genetic material that halves the chromosome number and yields
genetically variable gametes
gamete - Answer a sex cell; sperm or egg cell
fertilization - Answer the union of two gametes
mitosis - Answer _____ produces the cells that build the human body
apoptosis - Answer The intentional death of a cell is called ________
genome - Answer all the genetic material in an organism is called the ______
chromosome - Answer a continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein in the nucleus
of a eukaryotic cell; also, the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell
mutation - Answer a change in a DNA sequence
binary fission - Answer type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryotic cell divides into
two identical cells
chromatin - Answer The long strand of DNA that makes up chromosomes
nucleosome - Answer the basic unit of chromatin; consists of DNA wrapped around eight
histone proteins
chromatid - Answer one of two identical DNA molecules that make up a replicated
chromosome
, cell cycle - Answer sequence of events that occur in an actively dividing cell
interphase - Answer stage preceding mitosis or meiosis, when the cell carries out its functions,
replicates its DNA, and grows
mitosis - Answer The division of the nucleus in order to create two identical cells is called
_____
cytokinesis - Answer The division of the cell (after mitosis) to pop out two new cells is called
_____
G1 phase - Answer First Stage of interphase in which the cell grows and carries out its basic
functions
S phase - Answer The middle phase in interphase where DNA replication occurs
G2 phase - Answer gap stage of interphase in which the cell synthesizes and stores membrane
components and spindle proteins in preparation for cell division
prophase - Answer stage of mitosis when chromosomes condense and the spindles begin to
form
spindle - Answer a structure of microtubules that aligns and separates chromosomes in
mitosis
centrosome - Answer part of the cell that organizes microtubules
metaphase - Answer When the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell, this is
called _______
anaphase - Answer When the spindle rips the chromosome in half, pulling a newly formed
chromatid to each end of the cell, this is called ______
telophase - Answer When the chromatids arrive at each end of the cell and begin to form a
