QIHC Markers questions well
answered already passed
Germ cells. Membranous or cytoplasmic staining. For use in germ cell tumors and liver tumors.
Its a specific but not sensitive marker so probably not used alone. - ANS ✔Alpha-fetoprotein
(AFP)
Germ cells. Nuclear staining; cytoplasmic only staining in non germ cell derived tumors. Marker
for primary and metastatic germ cell derived tumors of the testis and ovary and extragonadal
sites. - ANS ✔OCT3/4
Germ cells. Nuclear staining. Malignant germ cell tumor marker. Marker of stem cell-like
dedifferentiation in many non germ cell cancers. Differentiates rhabdoid tumor from epithelioid
sarcoma. - ANS ✔SALL4
Germ cells. Cytoplasmic/membrane staining. Useful for lymphomas where neoplastic cells will
be the only ones expressing this (Hodgkin's lymphoma). - ANS ✔CD30
Germ cells. Cytoplasmic staining. Especially for seminoma (can distinguish between that and
spermatocytic tumor). - ANS ✔Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)
Epithelial cells. Cytoplasmic/membrane accentuated staining. To confirm or rule out epithelial
tumors so not used alone. - ANS ✔Cytokeratin
Epithelial cells. Membrane stain: mesothelioma cells. Cytoplasmic stain: carcinoma. Expressed
in most carcinomas. For non-carcinomas, can help distinguish meningioma, some hematopoietic
tumors and malignant mesothelioma. Not usually used alone. - ANS ✔Epithelial membrane
antigen (EMA)
, Muscle cells. Membrane or cytoplasmic staining. Identifies skeletal or smooth muscle in tumors.
Probably not used as a stand alone. - ANS ✔Actin
Muscle cells. Cytoplasmic staining. Useful to distinguish smooth muscle cells / lesions (positive)
from myofibroblastic cells / lesions (negative) - ANS ✔Caldesmon
Muscle cells. Cytoplasmic/perinuclear staining. Used in combination with myogenin/MyoD1 to
confirm myogenic differentiation. - ANS ✔Desmin
Muscle cells. Nuclear/Cytoplasmic staining. Sensitive and specific for rhabdomyosarcoma (for
myogenin; did not state the same for myoglobin). - ANS
✔Myoglobin(cytoplasmic)/Myogenin(nuclear)
Muscle cells. Nuclear staining. Sensitive for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) but lacks specificity. So
probably used with others. - ANS ✔MyoD or MyoD1
Hematopoietic cells. Membranous/cytoplasmic staining. Used by pathologists to highlight
inflammatory cells or determine the hematopoietic nature of tumors of unknown origin with
high specificity. - ANS ✔CD45 (LCA)
Hematopoietic cells. Membrane staining. Commonly used B cell marker used in the workup of
benign and malignant processes. - ANS ✔CD20
Hematopoietic cells. Membrane staining. Used to detect infant B cells. For lymphoproliferative
disorders, infarcted lymphomas, or to differentiate preB lymphoblastic lymphoma from Ewing's
sarcoma. - ANS ✔CD79a
Hematopoietic cells. Membrane/cytoplasmic staining. Widely used for diagnosis of Hodgkin
lymphoma. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (usually negative) - ANS ✔CD15
answered already passed
Germ cells. Membranous or cytoplasmic staining. For use in germ cell tumors and liver tumors.
Its a specific but not sensitive marker so probably not used alone. - ANS ✔Alpha-fetoprotein
(AFP)
Germ cells. Nuclear staining; cytoplasmic only staining in non germ cell derived tumors. Marker
for primary and metastatic germ cell derived tumors of the testis and ovary and extragonadal
sites. - ANS ✔OCT3/4
Germ cells. Nuclear staining. Malignant germ cell tumor marker. Marker of stem cell-like
dedifferentiation in many non germ cell cancers. Differentiates rhabdoid tumor from epithelioid
sarcoma. - ANS ✔SALL4
Germ cells. Cytoplasmic/membrane staining. Useful for lymphomas where neoplastic cells will
be the only ones expressing this (Hodgkin's lymphoma). - ANS ✔CD30
Germ cells. Cytoplasmic staining. Especially for seminoma (can distinguish between that and
spermatocytic tumor). - ANS ✔Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)
Epithelial cells. Cytoplasmic/membrane accentuated staining. To confirm or rule out epithelial
tumors so not used alone. - ANS ✔Cytokeratin
Epithelial cells. Membrane stain: mesothelioma cells. Cytoplasmic stain: carcinoma. Expressed
in most carcinomas. For non-carcinomas, can help distinguish meningioma, some hematopoietic
tumors and malignant mesothelioma. Not usually used alone. - ANS ✔Epithelial membrane
antigen (EMA)
, Muscle cells. Membrane or cytoplasmic staining. Identifies skeletal or smooth muscle in tumors.
Probably not used as a stand alone. - ANS ✔Actin
Muscle cells. Cytoplasmic staining. Useful to distinguish smooth muscle cells / lesions (positive)
from myofibroblastic cells / lesions (negative) - ANS ✔Caldesmon
Muscle cells. Cytoplasmic/perinuclear staining. Used in combination with myogenin/MyoD1 to
confirm myogenic differentiation. - ANS ✔Desmin
Muscle cells. Nuclear/Cytoplasmic staining. Sensitive and specific for rhabdomyosarcoma (for
myogenin; did not state the same for myoglobin). - ANS
✔Myoglobin(cytoplasmic)/Myogenin(nuclear)
Muscle cells. Nuclear staining. Sensitive for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) but lacks specificity. So
probably used with others. - ANS ✔MyoD or MyoD1
Hematopoietic cells. Membranous/cytoplasmic staining. Used by pathologists to highlight
inflammatory cells or determine the hematopoietic nature of tumors of unknown origin with
high specificity. - ANS ✔CD45 (LCA)
Hematopoietic cells. Membrane staining. Commonly used B cell marker used in the workup of
benign and malignant processes. - ANS ✔CD20
Hematopoietic cells. Membrane staining. Used to detect infant B cells. For lymphoproliferative
disorders, infarcted lymphomas, or to differentiate preB lymphoblastic lymphoma from Ewing's
sarcoma. - ANS ✔CD79a
Hematopoietic cells. Membrane/cytoplasmic staining. Widely used for diagnosis of Hodgkin
lymphoma. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (usually negative) - ANS ✔CD15
