Chapter 1: Overview of Critical Care Nursing
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Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE rty
1. Which of the following professional organizations best supports critical care nursing practice?
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a. American Association of Critical-Care Nurses ryt ryt ryt ryt
b. American Heart Association rty rty
c. American Nurses Association ryt ryt
d. Society of Critical Care Medicine rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y A
The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses is the specialty organization that supports
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and represents critical care nurses. The American Heart Association supports cardiovascular
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
initiatives. The American Nurses Association supports all nurses. The Society of Critical Care
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Medicine represents the multiprofessional critical care team under the direction of an
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intensivist.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Discuss the purposes and functions of the professional organizations that support critical
r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
care practice.
rty TOP:
rty Nursing Process Step: N/A r t y rty rty rty
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
r t y rty rty rty rty rty
2. A nurse has been working as a staff nurse in the surgical intensive care unit for 2 years and is
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty interested in certification. Which credential would be most applicable for her to seek?
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a. ACNPC
b. CCNS
c. CCRN
d. PCCN
ANS: r t y C
The CCRN certification is appropriate for nurses in bedside practice who care for critically ill
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patients. The ACNPC certification is for acute care nurse practitioners. The CCNS
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certification is for critical care clinical nurse specialists. The PCCN certification is for staff
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nurses working in progressive care, intermediate care, or step-down unit settings.
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 5 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Explain certification options for critical care nurses.
r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty TOP: r t y Nursing Process Step: rty rty
N/A MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
3. The main purpose of certification is to:
rty rty rty rty rty rty
a. assure the consumer that you will not make a mistake. rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
b. prepare for graduate school. rty rty rty
c. promote magnet status for your facility. rty rty rty rty rty
d. validate knowledge of critical care nursing. rty rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y D
, Certification assists in validating knowledge of the field, promotes excellence in the rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
profession, and helps nurses to maintain their knowledge of critical care nursing. Certification
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
helps to assure the consumer that the nurse has a minimum level of knowledge; however, it
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
does not ensure that care will be mistake-free. Certification does not prepare one for graduate
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
school; however, achieving certification demonstrates motivation for achievement and
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
professionalism. Magnet facilities are rated on the number of certified nurses; however, that is
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
not the purpose of certification.
rty rty rty rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 4-5 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Explain certification options for critical care nurses.
r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty TOP: r t y Nursing Process Step: rty rty
N/A MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
4. The synergy model of practice focuses on:
rty ryt rty rty rty rty
a. allowing unrestricted visiting for the patient 24 hours each day. rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
b. holistic and alternative therapies. rty rty rty
c. needs of patients and their families, which drives nursing competency. rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
d. patients’ needs for energy and support. rty rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y C
The synergy model of practice states that the needs of patients and families influence and drive
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
competencies of nurses. Nursing practice based on the synergy model would involve tailored
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
visiting to meet the patient’s and family’s needs and application of alternative therapies if
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
desired by the patient, but that is not the primary focus of the model.
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 5 | Fig. 1-3 rty rty r t y r t y rty rty rty rty
OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
r t y r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
t y rty rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
5. The family of your critically ill patient tells you that they have not spoken with the physician in
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty over 24 hours and they have some questions that they want clarified. During morning
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty rounds, you convey this concern to the attending intensivist and arrange for her to meet with
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty the family at 4:00 PM in the conference room. Which competency of critical care nursing
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty does this represent? rty rty
a. Advocacy and moral agency in solving ethical issues rty rty rty ryt rty rty rty
b. Clinical judgment and clinical reasoning skills rty rty rty rty ryt
c. Collaboration with patients, families, and team members rty rty rty rty rty rty
d. Facilitation of learning for patients, families, and team members rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y C
Although one might consider that all of these competencies are being addressed, rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
communication and collaboration with the family and physician best exemplify the competency
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
of collaboration.
rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 9 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
r t y r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
t y rty rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
6. The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice use what framework to
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rty guide critical care nursing practice?
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a. Evidence-based practice rty
b. Healthy work environment ryt rty
, c. National Patient Safety Goals rty rty ryt
d. Nursing process rty
ANS: r t y D
The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice delineate the nursing
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process as applied to critically ill patients: collect data, determine diagnoses, identify expected
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outcomes, develop a plan of care, implement interventions, and evaluate care. AACN
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promotes a healthy work environment, but this is not included in the Standards. The Joint
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Commission has established National Patient Safety Goals, but these are not the AACN
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Standards.
rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 5 | Box 1-2 rty rty r t y r t y rty rty rty rty
OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
r t y r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r t MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
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7. The charge nurse is responsible for making the patient assignments on the critical care unit.
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She assigns the experienced, certified nurse to care for the acutely ill patient with sepsis who
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also requires continuous renal replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation. She assigns
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the nurse with less than 1 year of experience to two patients who are more stable. This
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assignment reflects implementation of the:
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a. crew resource management model rty ryt ryt
b. National Patient Safety Goals rty rty ryt
c. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) model ryt rty ryt rty rty rty rty
d. synergy model of practice rty rty rty
ANS: r t y D
This assignment demonstrates nursing care to meet the needs of the patient. The synergy
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model notes that the nurse competencies are matched to the patient characteristics. Crew
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resource management concepts related to team training, National Patient Safety Goals are
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specified by The Joint Commission to promote safe care but do not incorporate the synergy
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model. The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses initiative involves targeted education to
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undergraduate and graduate nursing students to learn quality and safety concepts.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 5 | Fig. 1-3 rty rty r t y r t y rty rty rty rty
OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
r t y r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r t MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
y rty rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
8. The vision of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses is a healthcare system driven
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rty by:
a. a healthy work environment.
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b. care from a multiprofessional team under the direction of a critical care physician.
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c. the needs of critically ill patients and families.
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d. respectful, healing, and humane environments. rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y C
The AACN vision is a healthcare system driven by the needs of critically ill patients and
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families where critical care nurses make their optimum contributions. AACN promotes
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initiatives to support a healthy work environment as well as respectful and healing
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environments, but that is not the organization’s vision. The SCCM promotes care from a
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multiprofessional team under the direction of a critical care physician.
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge rty rty REF: r t y r t y p. 4 rty
, OBJ: Discuss the purposes and functions of the professional organizations that support critical
r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
care practice.
rty rty TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r t y rty rty rty
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
r t y rty rty rty rty rty
9. The most important outcome of effective communication is to:
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a. demonstrate caring practices to family members. rty rty rty rty rty
b. ensure that patient teaching is done. rty rty rty rty rty
c. meet the diversity needs of patients. rty rty rty rty rty
d. reduce patient errors. rty rty
ANS: r t y D
Many errors are directly attributed to faulty communication. Effective communication has
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been identified as an essential strategy to reduce patient errors and resolve issues related to
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patient care delivery. Communication may demonstrate caring practices, be used for
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patient/family teaching, and address diversity needs; however, the main outcome of effective
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communication is patient safety.
rty rty rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: pp. 8-9 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Describe quality and safety initiatives related to critical care nursing.
r t y r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
t y rty rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
10. You are caring for a critically ill patient whose urine output has been low for 2 consecutive
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rty hours. After a thorough patient assessment, you call the intensivist with the following report.
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rty Dr. Smith, I’m calling about Mrs. P., your 65-year-old patient in CCU 10. Her urine output
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rty for the past 2 hours totaled only 40 mL. She arrived from surgery to repair an aortic
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rty aneurysm 4 hours ago and remains on mechanical ventilation. In the past 2 hours, her heart
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rty rate has increased from 80 to 100 beats per minute and her blood pressure has decreased
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rty from 128/82 to 100/70 mm Hg. She is being given an infusion of normal saline at 100 mL per
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rty hour. Her right atrial pressure through the subclavian central line is low at 3 mm Hg. Her
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rty urine is concentrated. Her BUN and creatinine levels have been stable and in normal range.
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty Her abdominal dressing is dry with no indication of bleeding. My assessment suggests that
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rty Mrs. P. is hypovolemic and I would like you to consider increasing her fluids or giving her a
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rty fluid challenge. Using the SBAR model for communication, the information the nurse gives
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rty about the patient’s history and vital signs is:
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a. Situation
b. Background
c. Assessment
d. Recommendation
ANS: r t y B
The history and vital signs are part of the background. Information regarding the low urine
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output is the situation. Information regarding possible hypovolemia is part of the nurse’s
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assessment, and the suggestion for fluids is the recommendation.
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 8-9 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Describe quality and safety initiatives related to critical care nursing.
r t y r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
r t y rty rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
rty rty rty rty rty rty
Test Bank
rty rty
MULTIPLE CHOICE rty
1. Which of the following professional organizations best supports critical care nursing practice?
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty ryt
a. American Association of Critical-Care Nurses ryt ryt ryt ryt
b. American Heart Association rty rty
c. American Nurses Association ryt ryt
d. Society of Critical Care Medicine rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y A
The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses is the specialty organization that supports
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
and represents critical care nurses. The American Heart Association supports cardiovascular
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
initiatives. The American Nurses Association supports all nurses. The Society of Critical Care
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
Medicine represents the multiprofessional critical care team under the direction of an
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
intensivist.
rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Discuss the purposes and functions of the professional organizations that support critical
r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
care practice.
rty TOP:
rty Nursing Process Step: N/A r t y rty rty rty
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
r t y rty rty rty rty rty
2. A nurse has been working as a staff nurse in the surgical intensive care unit for 2 years and is
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty interested in certification. Which credential would be most applicable for her to seek?
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
a. ACNPC
b. CCNS
c. CCRN
d. PCCN
ANS: r t y C
The CCRN certification is appropriate for nurses in bedside practice who care for critically ill
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
patients. The ACNPC certification is for acute care nurse practitioners. The CCNS
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
certification is for critical care clinical nurse specialists. The PCCN certification is for staff
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
nurses working in progressive care, intermediate care, or step-down unit settings.
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 5 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Explain certification options for critical care nurses.
r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty TOP: r t y Nursing Process Step: rty rty
N/A MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
3. The main purpose of certification is to:
rty rty rty rty rty rty
a. assure the consumer that you will not make a mistake. rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
b. prepare for graduate school. rty rty rty
c. promote magnet status for your facility. rty rty rty rty rty
d. validate knowledge of critical care nursing. rty rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y D
, Certification assists in validating knowledge of the field, promotes excellence in the rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
profession, and helps nurses to maintain their knowledge of critical care nursing. Certification
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
helps to assure the consumer that the nurse has a minimum level of knowledge; however, it
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
does not ensure that care will be mistake-free. Certification does not prepare one for graduate
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
school; however, achieving certification demonstrates motivation for achievement and
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
professionalism. Magnet facilities are rated on the number of certified nurses; however, that is
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
not the purpose of certification.
rty rty rty rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 4-5 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Explain certification options for critical care nurses.
r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty TOP: r t y Nursing Process Step: rty rty
N/A MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
4. The synergy model of practice focuses on:
rty ryt rty rty rty rty
a. allowing unrestricted visiting for the patient 24 hours each day. rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
b. holistic and alternative therapies. rty rty rty
c. needs of patients and their families, which drives nursing competency. rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
d. patients’ needs for energy and support. rty rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y C
The synergy model of practice states that the needs of patients and families influence and drive
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
competencies of nurses. Nursing practice based on the synergy model would involve tailored
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
visiting to meet the patient’s and family’s needs and application of alternative therapies if
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
desired by the patient, but that is not the primary focus of the model.
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 5 | Fig. 1-3 rty rty r t y r t y rty rty rty rty
OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
r t y r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
t y rty rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
5. The family of your critically ill patient tells you that they have not spoken with the physician in
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty over 24 hours and they have some questions that they want clarified. During morning
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty rounds, you convey this concern to the attending intensivist and arrange for her to meet with
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty the family at 4:00 PM in the conference room. Which competency of critical care nursing
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty does this represent? rty rty
a. Advocacy and moral agency in solving ethical issues rty rty rty ryt rty rty rty
b. Clinical judgment and clinical reasoning skills rty rty rty rty ryt
c. Collaboration with patients, families, and team members rty rty rty rty rty rty
d. Facilitation of learning for patients, families, and team members rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y C
Although one might consider that all of these competencies are being addressed, rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
communication and collaboration with the family and physician best exemplify the competency
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
of collaboration.
rty rty
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 9 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
r t y r t y rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
t y rty rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
6. The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice use what framework to
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
rty guide critical care nursing practice?
rty rty rty rty
a. Evidence-based practice rty
b. Healthy work environment ryt rty
, c. National Patient Safety Goals rty rty ryt
d. Nursing process rty
ANS: r t y D
The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice delineate the nursing
rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty rty
process as applied to critically ill patients: collect data, determine diagnoses, identify expected
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outcomes, develop a plan of care, implement interventions, and evaluate care. AACN
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promotes a healthy work environment, but this is not included in the Standards. The Joint
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Commission has established National Patient Safety Goals, but these are not the AACN
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Standards.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 5 | Box 1-2 rty rty r t y r t y rty rty rty rty
OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
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TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r t MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
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7. The charge nurse is responsible for making the patient assignments on the critical care unit.
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She assigns the experienced, certified nurse to care for the acutely ill patient with sepsis who
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also requires continuous renal replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation. She assigns
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the nurse with less than 1 year of experience to two patients who are more stable. This
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assignment reflects implementation of the:
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a. crew resource management model rty ryt ryt
b. National Patient Safety Goals rty rty ryt
c. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) model ryt rty ryt rty rty rty rty
d. synergy model of practice rty rty rty
ANS: r t y D
This assignment demonstrates nursing care to meet the needs of the patient. The synergy
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model notes that the nurse competencies are matched to the patient characteristics. Crew
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resource management concepts related to team training, National Patient Safety Goals are
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specified by The Joint Commission to promote safe care but do not incorporate the synergy
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model. The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses initiative involves targeted education to
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undergraduate and graduate nursing students to learn quality and safety concepts.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 5 | Fig. 1-3 rty rty r t y r t y rty rty rty rty
OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
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TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r t MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
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8. The vision of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses is a healthcare system driven
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rty by:
a. a healthy work environment.
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b. care from a multiprofessional team under the direction of a critical care physician.
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c. the needs of critically ill patients and families.
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d. respectful, healing, and humane environments. rty rty rty rty
ANS: r t y C
The AACN vision is a healthcare system driven by the needs of critically ill patients and
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families where critical care nurses make their optimum contributions. AACN promotes
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initiatives to support a healthy work environment as well as respectful and healing
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environments, but that is not the organization’s vision. The SCCM promotes care from a
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multiprofessional team under the direction of a critical care physician.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge rty rty REF: r t y r t y p. 4 rty
, OBJ: Discuss the purposes and functions of the professional organizations that support critical
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care practice.
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MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
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9. The most important outcome of effective communication is to:
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a. demonstrate caring practices to family members. rty rty rty rty rty
b. ensure that patient teaching is done. rty rty rty rty rty
c. meet the diversity needs of patients. rty rty rty rty rty
d. reduce patient errors. rty rty
ANS: r t y D
Many errors are directly attributed to faulty communication. Effective communication has
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been identified as an essential strategy to reduce patient errors and resolve issues related to
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patient care delivery. Communication may demonstrate caring practices, be used for
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patient/family teaching, and address diversity needs; however, the main outcome of effective
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communication is patient safety.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: pp. 8-9 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Describe quality and safety initiatives related to critical care nursing.
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TOP: Nursing Process Step: N/A r MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
t y rty rty rty r t y rty rty rty rty rty
10. You are caring for a critically ill patient whose urine output has been low for 2 consecutive
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rty hours. After a thorough patient assessment, you call the intensivist with the following report.
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rty Dr. Smith, I’m calling about Mrs. P., your 65-year-old patient in CCU 10. Her urine output
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rty for the past 2 hours totaled only 40 mL. She arrived from surgery to repair an aortic
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rty aneurysm 4 hours ago and remains on mechanical ventilation. In the past 2 hours, her heart
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rty rate has increased from 80 to 100 beats per minute and her blood pressure has decreased
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rty from 128/82 to 100/70 mm Hg. She is being given an infusion of normal saline at 100 mL per
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rty hour. Her right atrial pressure through the subclavian central line is low at 3 mm Hg. Her
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rty urine is concentrated. Her BUN and creatinine levels have been stable and in normal range.
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rty Her abdominal dressing is dry with no indication of bleeding. My assessment suggests that
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rty Mrs. P. is hypovolemic and I would like you to consider increasing her fluids or giving her a
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rty fluid challenge. Using the SBAR model for communication, the information the nurse gives
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rty about the patient’s history and vital signs is:
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a. Situation
b. Background
c. Assessment
d. Recommendation
ANS: r t y B
The history and vital signs are part of the background. Information regarding the low urine
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output is the situation. Information regarding possible hypovolemia is part of the nurse’s
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assessment, and the suggestion for fluids is the recommendation.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 8-9 rty rty r t y r t y rty
OBJ: Describe quality and safety initiatives related to critical care nursing.
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TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
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