Bio WGU study for OA c190 Exam And Study
Guide 2025-2026 Questions And Correct Answers
Graded A+
Adaptation- - ANSWERSThe adjustment or changes in behavior,
physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited to an
environment.
Aerobic- - ANSWERSA process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes that
encode eye color—some encode blue eyes (one allele), while others
encode brown, green, or hazel eye colors (other alleles). - ANSWERS
amino acids - - ANSWERSA small organic molecule with the structure of
an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an "R" group, which are all
bonded to a single central carbon atom. The difference between the
"R" group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another. Amino
acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Anaerobic- - ANSWERSA process that occurs without oxygen.
Anaphase- - ANSWERSA stage within the mitosis phase of cell division
(also known as cell reproduction). Anaphase starts when sister
,chromatids separate from each other and ends when each set of
separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite poles of the cell.
anaphase I- - ANSWERSThe third stage of Meiosis I—the two
homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite
poles.
anaphase II- - ANSWERSThe third stage in Meiosis II—the centromeres
separate and the sister chromatids (now individual chromosomes)
move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
artificial selection- - ANSWERSDeliberate mating between two
individuals who were selected based on desired traits.
asexual reproduction - - ANSWERSA type of reproduction where
genetically identical offspring are created from a single parent. This
type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or gametes. Bacteria
and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this manner. -
ANSWERS
Atom- - ANSWERSThe basic unit of matter that cannot be further
broken down without losing its unique properties. One atom consists of
a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
,Autosomal- - ANSWERSDescribes a trait associated with alleles located
on autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
autosomal chromosome- - ANSWERSA chromosome not involved in sex
determination.
biogeochemical cycle- - ANSWERSThe processes that transfer chemical
elements between biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem.
There are several main cycles: the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the
nitrogen cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Biome- - ANSWERSA large naturally occurring community of plants and
animals occupying a major habitat. Examples include tropical forest and
arctic tundra.
Biomes- - ANSWERSA pattern of distribution of ecosystems across the
globe, where similar environmental conditions lead to similar animal
and plant adaptations. Examples of biomes include tropical rainforests,
deserts, and tundra.
biosphere- - ANSWERSAll areas on, within, and around the planet Earth
that are capable of supporting life.
, Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben - ANSWERSson cycle or light-independent
reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts
during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because it takes
place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called
Calvin-Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
Carbohydrates- - ANSWERSThe extracellular surface of the cell
membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids
and proteins. These short carbohydrates play a role in giving a cell its
identity (i.e., distinguishing self from non-self) and are the
distinguishing factor in human blood types.
carbon cycle- - ANSWERSThe biogeochemical cycle through which
carbon flows between the atmosphere, water, land, and ecosystems.
cell cycle- - ANSWERSA series of phases in the life of the cell through
which it grows and divides.
cell wall- - ANSWERSProtective and reinforcing structure found in
certain cells, situated outside the plasma membrane. Bacterial cell walls
are mainly built of peptidoglycan, although they may also contain lipidic
molecules. Among eukaryotes, plants and fungi possess cell walls, made
of cellulose and chitin, respectively.
Guide 2025-2026 Questions And Correct Answers
Graded A+
Adaptation- - ANSWERSThe adjustment or changes in behavior,
physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited to an
environment.
Aerobic- - ANSWERSA process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes that
encode eye color—some encode blue eyes (one allele), while others
encode brown, green, or hazel eye colors (other alleles). - ANSWERS
amino acids - - ANSWERSA small organic molecule with the structure of
an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an "R" group, which are all
bonded to a single central carbon atom. The difference between the
"R" group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another. Amino
acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Anaerobic- - ANSWERSA process that occurs without oxygen.
Anaphase- - ANSWERSA stage within the mitosis phase of cell division
(also known as cell reproduction). Anaphase starts when sister
,chromatids separate from each other and ends when each set of
separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite poles of the cell.
anaphase I- - ANSWERSThe third stage of Meiosis I—the two
homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite
poles.
anaphase II- - ANSWERSThe third stage in Meiosis II—the centromeres
separate and the sister chromatids (now individual chromosomes)
move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
artificial selection- - ANSWERSDeliberate mating between two
individuals who were selected based on desired traits.
asexual reproduction - - ANSWERSA type of reproduction where
genetically identical offspring are created from a single parent. This
type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or gametes. Bacteria
and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this manner. -
ANSWERS
Atom- - ANSWERSThe basic unit of matter that cannot be further
broken down without losing its unique properties. One atom consists of
a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
,Autosomal- - ANSWERSDescribes a trait associated with alleles located
on autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
autosomal chromosome- - ANSWERSA chromosome not involved in sex
determination.
biogeochemical cycle- - ANSWERSThe processes that transfer chemical
elements between biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem.
There are several main cycles: the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the
nitrogen cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Biome- - ANSWERSA large naturally occurring community of plants and
animals occupying a major habitat. Examples include tropical forest and
arctic tundra.
Biomes- - ANSWERSA pattern of distribution of ecosystems across the
globe, where similar environmental conditions lead to similar animal
and plant adaptations. Examples of biomes include tropical rainforests,
deserts, and tundra.
biosphere- - ANSWERSAll areas on, within, and around the planet Earth
that are capable of supporting life.
, Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben - ANSWERSson cycle or light-independent
reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts
during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because it takes
place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called
Calvin-Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
Carbohydrates- - ANSWERSThe extracellular surface of the cell
membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids
and proteins. These short carbohydrates play a role in giving a cell its
identity (i.e., distinguishing self from non-self) and are the
distinguishing factor in human blood types.
carbon cycle- - ANSWERSThe biogeochemical cycle through which
carbon flows between the atmosphere, water, land, and ecosystems.
cell cycle- - ANSWERSA series of phases in the life of the cell through
which it grows and divides.
cell wall- - ANSWERSProtective and reinforcing structure found in
certain cells, situated outside the plasma membrane. Bacterial cell walls
are mainly built of peptidoglycan, although they may also contain lipidic
molecules. Among eukaryotes, plants and fungi possess cell walls, made
of cellulose and chitin, respectively.
