Test Bank For Genetics A Conceptual Approach 7th Edition By:
Benjamin A. Pierce
,Chapter 1: Introduction to Genetics from Genetics: A Conceptual Approach
1. Which of the following best defines genetics?
A) The study of living organisms
B) The study of genes and heredity
C) The study of diseases and their causes
D) The study of cell structures
Correct Answer: B) The study of genes and heredity
Rationale: Genetics focuses specifically on how traits and characteristics are inherited
through genes. This foundational knowledge is crucial for understanding more complex
genetic concepts. Understanding genetics is essential for nurses, as they may deal with
genetic conditions and counseling.
2. Which term describes the observable characteristics of an organism?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome
Correct Answer: B) Phenotype
Rationale: The phenotype refers to the physical expression of genetic traits, while
genotype refers to the genetic makeup. Nurses must be able to differentiate between these
terms to provide effective education and support to patients regarding genetic conditions.
3. What is the primary function of DNA?
A) To provide energy for cellular processes
B) To store and transmit genetic information
C) To catalyze biochemical reactions
D) To serve as a structural component of cells
Correct Answer: B) To store and transmit genetic information
Rationale: DNA holds the instructions for the development and functioning of living
organisms, which is central to genetic studies. Understanding the role of DNA is vital for
nurses, especially when discussing genetic testing and counseling.
4. Which of the following best describes alleles?
A) Different forms of a gene
B) The same form of a gene
C) Chromosomes that determine sex
D) Cells that contain genetic material
Correct Answer: A) Different forms of a gene
Rationale: Alleles represent variations of a particular gene, contributing to genetic
diversity. Nurses must understand alleles to help explain inheritance patterns and genetic
disorders to patients.
5. If a person has two identical alleles for a trait, they are considered:
A) Homozygous
B) Heterozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
, Correct Answer: A) Homozygous
Rationale: Homozygous individuals have two copies of the same allele, while
heterozygous individuals have different alleles. This distinction is essential in genetics, as
it influences the expression of traits and the risk of genetic disorders.
6. What is a gene?
A) A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
B) The physical location of chromosomes
C) The complete set of DNA in an organism
D) A structure that carries nutrients in cells
Correct Answer: A) A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
Rationale: Genes are the basic units of heredity and are crucial for producing proteins
that carry out various functions in the body. Understanding gene function is essential for
nurses to assess genetic risks and provide appropriate patient education.
7. Which genetic disorder is caused by a single gene mutation?
A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Down syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) Hemophilia
Correct Answer: A) Cystic fibrosis
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in
the CFTR gene, illustrating Mendelian inheritance patterns. Recognizing such disorders
allows nurses to provide better care and management strategies for affected individuals.
8. In Mendelian inheritance, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid
cross?
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:2:1
Correct Answer: B) 3:1
Rationale: A monohybrid cross typically results in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive
phenotypes. This knowledge is important for nurses involved in genetic counseling, as it
helps explain inheritance patterns to families.
9. Which of the following represents a carrier for a recessive genetic disorder?
A) AA
B) Aa
C) aa
D) None of the above
Correct Answer: B) Aa
Rationale: A carrier has one dominant and one recessive allele, showing no symptoms of
the disorder but capable of passing the recessive allele to offspring. Understanding
carriers is vital in genetic counseling and assessing family risks.
10. What is the significance of the human genome project?
A) To clone human genes
B) To map the entire human genome
C) To identify genetic disorders only
D) To enhance agricultural crops
, Correct Answer: B) To map the entire human genome
Rationale:s2Thes2Humans2Genomes2Projects2aimeds2tos2sequences2ands2understands2alls2th
es2geness2ofs2thes2humans2species,s2whichs2hass2vasts2implicationss2fors2medicines2ands2ge
netics.s2Nursess2shoulds2bes2awares2ofs2thiss2projects2ass2its2informss2genetics2testings2ands
2treatments2options.
11. Whichs2ofs2thes2followings2iss2ans2examples2ofs2as2dominants2trait?
A) Blues2eyes
B) Bloods2types2O
C) Hitchhiker'ss2thumb
D) Cystics2fibrosis
Corrects2Answer:s2C)s2Hitchhiker'ss2thumb
Rationale:s2Hitchhiker'ss2thumbs2iss2as2dominants2trait;s2thes2otherss2ares2eithers2recessive
s2ors2bloods2typess2determineds2bys2codominance.s2Understandings2dominants2traitss2iss2c
rucials2fors2nursess2whens2discussings2genetics2inheritances2withs2patients.
12. Ins2as2pedigrees2chart,s2as2filleds2symbols2typicallys2representss2whichs2ofs2thes2following
?
A) Carrier
B) Affecteds2individual
C) Male
D) Female
Corrects2Answer:s2B)s2Affecteds2individual
Rationale:s2Filleds2symbolss2ins2as2pedigrees2indicates2individualss2expressings2as2particu
lars2traits2ors2conditions2beings2studied.s2Knowledges2ofs2pedigrees2chartss2iss2essentials2fo
rs2nursess2assessings2familys2historiess2ands2genetics2risks.
13. Whichs2ofs2thes2followings2iss2trues2regardings2sex-linkeds2traits?
A) Theys2ares2inheriteds2equallys2bys2maless2ands2females.
B) Theys2ares2alwayss2expresseds2ins2males.
C) Theys2ares2onlys2founds2ons2thes2Ys2chromosome.
D) Theys2ares2typicallys2mores2commons2ins2maless2thans2females.
Corrects2Answer:s2D)s2Theys2ares2typicallys2mores2commons2ins2maless2thans2females.s
2Rationale:s2Sex-
linkeds2traitss2ares2oftens2carrieds2ons2thes2Xs2chromosome,s2leadings2tos2highers2express
ions2ins2males,s2whos2haves2onlys2ones2Xs2chromosome.s2Nursess2shoulds2understands2se
x-s2linkeds2inheritances2patternss2fors2effectives2genetics2counseling.
14. Whats2iss2thes2roles2ofs2messengers2RNAs2(mRNA)s2ins2proteins2synthesis?
A) Its2catalyzess2thes2formations2ofs2proteins.
B) Its2carriess2genetics2informations2froms2DNAs2tos2ribosomes.
C) Its2helpss2ins2DNAs2replication.
D) Its2protectss2DNAs2froms2degradation.
Corrects2Answer:s2B)s2Its2carriess2genetics2informations2froms2DNAs2tos2ribosomes.
Rationale:s2mRNAs2iss2crucials2fors2translatings2genetics2informations2intos2proteins,s2fun
ctionings2ass2as2templates2fors2proteins2synthesis.s2Understandings2mRNA'ss2roles2aidss2n
ursess2ins2discussings2genetics2therapiess2ands2treatments.
15. Whichs2terms2describess2ans2organism'ss2genetics2makeup?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Allele
D) Trait
Corrects2Answer:s2B)s2Genotype
Benjamin A. Pierce
,Chapter 1: Introduction to Genetics from Genetics: A Conceptual Approach
1. Which of the following best defines genetics?
A) The study of living organisms
B) The study of genes and heredity
C) The study of diseases and their causes
D) The study of cell structures
Correct Answer: B) The study of genes and heredity
Rationale: Genetics focuses specifically on how traits and characteristics are inherited
through genes. This foundational knowledge is crucial for understanding more complex
genetic concepts. Understanding genetics is essential for nurses, as they may deal with
genetic conditions and counseling.
2. Which term describes the observable characteristics of an organism?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome
Correct Answer: B) Phenotype
Rationale: The phenotype refers to the physical expression of genetic traits, while
genotype refers to the genetic makeup. Nurses must be able to differentiate between these
terms to provide effective education and support to patients regarding genetic conditions.
3. What is the primary function of DNA?
A) To provide energy for cellular processes
B) To store and transmit genetic information
C) To catalyze biochemical reactions
D) To serve as a structural component of cells
Correct Answer: B) To store and transmit genetic information
Rationale: DNA holds the instructions for the development and functioning of living
organisms, which is central to genetic studies. Understanding the role of DNA is vital for
nurses, especially when discussing genetic testing and counseling.
4. Which of the following best describes alleles?
A) Different forms of a gene
B) The same form of a gene
C) Chromosomes that determine sex
D) Cells that contain genetic material
Correct Answer: A) Different forms of a gene
Rationale: Alleles represent variations of a particular gene, contributing to genetic
diversity. Nurses must understand alleles to help explain inheritance patterns and genetic
disorders to patients.
5. If a person has two identical alleles for a trait, they are considered:
A) Homozygous
B) Heterozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
, Correct Answer: A) Homozygous
Rationale: Homozygous individuals have two copies of the same allele, while
heterozygous individuals have different alleles. This distinction is essential in genetics, as
it influences the expression of traits and the risk of genetic disorders.
6. What is a gene?
A) A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
B) The physical location of chromosomes
C) The complete set of DNA in an organism
D) A structure that carries nutrients in cells
Correct Answer: A) A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
Rationale: Genes are the basic units of heredity and are crucial for producing proteins
that carry out various functions in the body. Understanding gene function is essential for
nurses to assess genetic risks and provide appropriate patient education.
7. Which genetic disorder is caused by a single gene mutation?
A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Down syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) Hemophilia
Correct Answer: A) Cystic fibrosis
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in
the CFTR gene, illustrating Mendelian inheritance patterns. Recognizing such disorders
allows nurses to provide better care and management strategies for affected individuals.
8. In Mendelian inheritance, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid
cross?
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:2:1
Correct Answer: B) 3:1
Rationale: A monohybrid cross typically results in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive
phenotypes. This knowledge is important for nurses involved in genetic counseling, as it
helps explain inheritance patterns to families.
9. Which of the following represents a carrier for a recessive genetic disorder?
A) AA
B) Aa
C) aa
D) None of the above
Correct Answer: B) Aa
Rationale: A carrier has one dominant and one recessive allele, showing no symptoms of
the disorder but capable of passing the recessive allele to offspring. Understanding
carriers is vital in genetic counseling and assessing family risks.
10. What is the significance of the human genome project?
A) To clone human genes
B) To map the entire human genome
C) To identify genetic disorders only
D) To enhance agricultural crops
, Correct Answer: B) To map the entire human genome
Rationale:s2Thes2Humans2Genomes2Projects2aimeds2tos2sequences2ands2understands2alls2th
es2geness2ofs2thes2humans2species,s2whichs2hass2vasts2implicationss2fors2medicines2ands2ge
netics.s2Nursess2shoulds2bes2awares2ofs2thiss2projects2ass2its2informss2genetics2testings2ands
2treatments2options.
11. Whichs2ofs2thes2followings2iss2ans2examples2ofs2as2dominants2trait?
A) Blues2eyes
B) Bloods2types2O
C) Hitchhiker'ss2thumb
D) Cystics2fibrosis
Corrects2Answer:s2C)s2Hitchhiker'ss2thumb
Rationale:s2Hitchhiker'ss2thumbs2iss2as2dominants2trait;s2thes2otherss2ares2eithers2recessive
s2ors2bloods2typess2determineds2bys2codominance.s2Understandings2dominants2traitss2iss2c
rucials2fors2nursess2whens2discussings2genetics2inheritances2withs2patients.
12. Ins2as2pedigrees2chart,s2as2filleds2symbols2typicallys2representss2whichs2ofs2thes2following
?
A) Carrier
B) Affecteds2individual
C) Male
D) Female
Corrects2Answer:s2B)s2Affecteds2individual
Rationale:s2Filleds2symbolss2ins2as2pedigrees2indicates2individualss2expressings2as2particu
lars2traits2ors2conditions2beings2studied.s2Knowledges2ofs2pedigrees2chartss2iss2essentials2fo
rs2nursess2assessings2familys2historiess2ands2genetics2risks.
13. Whichs2ofs2thes2followings2iss2trues2regardings2sex-linkeds2traits?
A) Theys2ares2inheriteds2equallys2bys2maless2ands2females.
B) Theys2ares2alwayss2expresseds2ins2males.
C) Theys2ares2onlys2founds2ons2thes2Ys2chromosome.
D) Theys2ares2typicallys2mores2commons2ins2maless2thans2females.
Corrects2Answer:s2D)s2Theys2ares2typicallys2mores2commons2ins2maless2thans2females.s
2Rationale:s2Sex-
linkeds2traitss2ares2oftens2carrieds2ons2thes2Xs2chromosome,s2leadings2tos2highers2express
ions2ins2males,s2whos2haves2onlys2ones2Xs2chromosome.s2Nursess2shoulds2understands2se
x-s2linkeds2inheritances2patternss2fors2effectives2genetics2counseling.
14. Whats2iss2thes2roles2ofs2messengers2RNAs2(mRNA)s2ins2proteins2synthesis?
A) Its2catalyzess2thes2formations2ofs2proteins.
B) Its2carriess2genetics2informations2froms2DNAs2tos2ribosomes.
C) Its2helpss2ins2DNAs2replication.
D) Its2protectss2DNAs2froms2degradation.
Corrects2Answer:s2B)s2Its2carriess2genetics2informations2froms2DNAs2tos2ribosomes.
Rationale:s2mRNAs2iss2crucials2fors2translatings2genetics2informations2intos2proteins,s2fun
ctionings2ass2as2templates2fors2proteins2synthesis.s2Understandings2mRNA'ss2roles2aidss2n
ursess2ins2discussings2genetics2therapiess2ands2treatments.
15. Whichs2terms2describess2ans2organism'ss2genetics2makeup?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Allele
D) Trait
Corrects2Answer:s2B)s2Genotype
