JOHN TYLER COMMUNITY COLLEGE NSG 170 TEST
3 - CELLULAR REGULATION QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Clinical Management - Collaborative Interventions
Hormonal Therapy
Another effective form of cancer treatment involves the use of:
Antihormonal agents to treat malignancies that are responsive to
hormones, such as breast, prostate, and endometrial cancers
Current approaches use agents that are hormonal agonists or
antagonists, depending on:
Type of cancer and the nature of the disease process
Hormonal therapies were developed based on their ability to:
Target and block specific receptors and their various associated
feedback loops
Thus, these agents are considered the first form of targeted
cancer therapy
Clinical Management - Collaborative Interventions
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy is the most rapidly evolving and expanding
class of anticancer agents due to:
,Their specificity at targeting cancer cells and their generally
reduced side effect profile
These agents are designed to:
Interfere with molecules that are necessary for tumor growth,
progression, and metastases
This is in contrast to chemotherapy agents that act against all
actively dividing cells
These agents take several forms but generally fall into the
categories of:
- Antibodies
- Antibody-drug conjugates
- Small molecule inhibitors, of which there are many different
classes
Targeted therapies have been developed that:
- Prevent growth signaling
- Interfere with tumor blood vessel formation
- Stimulate the immune system to destroy cancer cells
- Or even deliver toxic drugs directly to cancer cells
They are the cornerstone of the treatment arm of what is termed
"precision medicine," a form of medicine that seeks to use
information about:
A person's genes and proteins to prevent, diagnose, and treat
disease
,Clinical Management - Collaborative Interventions
Biologic Therapy
Biotherapy (also known as immunotherapy) refers to:
Modulation of the immune response for a therapeutic goal
Biotherapy is a global term used to describe the use of biologic
agents to activate the immune system (biologic response
modifiers) and more recently includes approaches that
manipulate cells within immune system using techniques such as
gene therapy
Within the scope of the biologic response modifiers is the broad
class of drugs termed "biologic agents," which are substances
that:
Are extracted or produced from biologic material
Such agents include:
- Colony-stimulating factors
- Gene therapy
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Nonspecific immunomodulatory agents
- Angiogenesis inhibitors
- Vaccines
- Cell-based systems
Note that many of these biologic response modifiers also fall
into the category of targeted therapy because they have very
, specific targets within the immune system
These agents often have unique side effects that are quite
different from those of traditional chemotherapy agents
As with chemotherapy, nurses wishing to administer and
manage the side effects of these novel agents must receive
special training and certification through the Oncology Nursing
Society
Due to the unique nature of biotherapy, nurses play a significant
role in:
- Patient education
- Psychosocial support
As with many of the targeted therapies, these agents can be quite
expensive, and there are frequently economic issues for the
patient receiving biotherapy
Clinical Management - Collaborative Interventions
Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Hematopoietic (blood-forming) pluripotent stem cells are found
in:
The bone marrow
When given the proper signals, these stem cells mature and give
rise to:
Fully formed erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
3 - CELLULAR REGULATION QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Clinical Management - Collaborative Interventions
Hormonal Therapy
Another effective form of cancer treatment involves the use of:
Antihormonal agents to treat malignancies that are responsive to
hormones, such as breast, prostate, and endometrial cancers
Current approaches use agents that are hormonal agonists or
antagonists, depending on:
Type of cancer and the nature of the disease process
Hormonal therapies were developed based on their ability to:
Target and block specific receptors and their various associated
feedback loops
Thus, these agents are considered the first form of targeted
cancer therapy
Clinical Management - Collaborative Interventions
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy is the most rapidly evolving and expanding
class of anticancer agents due to:
,Their specificity at targeting cancer cells and their generally
reduced side effect profile
These agents are designed to:
Interfere with molecules that are necessary for tumor growth,
progression, and metastases
This is in contrast to chemotherapy agents that act against all
actively dividing cells
These agents take several forms but generally fall into the
categories of:
- Antibodies
- Antibody-drug conjugates
- Small molecule inhibitors, of which there are many different
classes
Targeted therapies have been developed that:
- Prevent growth signaling
- Interfere with tumor blood vessel formation
- Stimulate the immune system to destroy cancer cells
- Or even deliver toxic drugs directly to cancer cells
They are the cornerstone of the treatment arm of what is termed
"precision medicine," a form of medicine that seeks to use
information about:
A person's genes and proteins to prevent, diagnose, and treat
disease
,Clinical Management - Collaborative Interventions
Biologic Therapy
Biotherapy (also known as immunotherapy) refers to:
Modulation of the immune response for a therapeutic goal
Biotherapy is a global term used to describe the use of biologic
agents to activate the immune system (biologic response
modifiers) and more recently includes approaches that
manipulate cells within immune system using techniques such as
gene therapy
Within the scope of the biologic response modifiers is the broad
class of drugs termed "biologic agents," which are substances
that:
Are extracted or produced from biologic material
Such agents include:
- Colony-stimulating factors
- Gene therapy
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Nonspecific immunomodulatory agents
- Angiogenesis inhibitors
- Vaccines
- Cell-based systems
Note that many of these biologic response modifiers also fall
into the category of targeted therapy because they have very
, specific targets within the immune system
These agents often have unique side effects that are quite
different from those of traditional chemotherapy agents
As with chemotherapy, nurses wishing to administer and
manage the side effects of these novel agents must receive
special training and certification through the Oncology Nursing
Society
Due to the unique nature of biotherapy, nurses play a significant
role in:
- Patient education
- Psychosocial support
As with many of the targeted therapies, these agents can be quite
expensive, and there are frequently economic issues for the
patient receiving biotherapy
Clinical Management - Collaborative Interventions
Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Hematopoietic (blood-forming) pluripotent stem cells are found
in:
The bone marrow
When given the proper signals, these stem cells mature and give
rise to:
Fully formed erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
