PSY Ch. 6 Focus Practice Set Exam With
Complete Solutions
_______ is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience. -
ANSWER Learning
What is operant conditioning? - ANSWER A form of associative learning in which the
consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurrence.
The name of the researcher who originally described classical conditioning was. -
ANSWER Ivan Pavlov
Observational learning is also known as - ANSWER Imitation
Modeling
The conditioned response is triggered by the - ANSWER Conditioned Stimulus
What is a conditioned stimulus? - ANSWER A previously neutral stimulus that eventually
elicits a learned response.
Place list in order of occurrence Bandura's four components of observational learning. -
ANSWER 1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Motor reproduction
4. Reinforcement
When removal of a stimulus in response to a behavior increases the frequency of that
behavior, ________ is said to have occurred. - ANSWER Negative reinforcement
_____________ in classical conditioning is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to
the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned
response. - ANSWER Generalization
_____________ refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated
presentations. - ANSWER Habituation
Which theorist worked with dogs who were exposed to inescapable shocks and
ultimately proposed the theory of learned helplessness? - ANSWER Seligman
In order to get an animal to perform a complex behavior, we might reinforce successive
, approximations. This process of reinforcing successive approximations of the desired
behavior is called _______________. - ANSWER Shaping
By ringing a bell whenever he gave food to his lab dogs, Pavlov eventually got the dogs
to salivate to the sound of the bell. In this context the salivation elicited by sound of the
bell is called the - ANSWER Conditioned response
Which of the following are examples of primary reinforcers? - ANSWER Food
Water
__________ of reinforcement are timetables that determine when a behavior will be
reinforced. - ANSWER Schedules
A(n) _______ stimulus produces a response without prior learning. - ANSWER
Unconditioned
What is insight learning? - ANSWER A form of problem solving in which the organism
develops a sudden understanding of the problem's solution.
___________ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus
and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired. - ANSWER Acquisition
_________ is the process in operant conditioning by which a stimulus following a
particular behavior increases the probability that a behavior will be repeated. -
ANSWER Reinforcement
______________ is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned
stimulus is absent. - ANSWER Extinction
An ______________ response is an unlearned response that is automatically elicited by a
stimulus that produces a response without prior learning. - ANSWER Unconditioned
___________ is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not to others. -
ANSWER Discrimination
____________ ______________ is when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an
innately meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. -
ANSWER Classical Conditioning
Which theory of learning discounts the importance of such mental activities as thinking,
wishing, and hoping, and focuses solely on observable actions? - ANSWER Behaviorism
Complete Solutions
_______ is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience. -
ANSWER Learning
What is operant conditioning? - ANSWER A form of associative learning in which the
consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurrence.
The name of the researcher who originally described classical conditioning was. -
ANSWER Ivan Pavlov
Observational learning is also known as - ANSWER Imitation
Modeling
The conditioned response is triggered by the - ANSWER Conditioned Stimulus
What is a conditioned stimulus? - ANSWER A previously neutral stimulus that eventually
elicits a learned response.
Place list in order of occurrence Bandura's four components of observational learning. -
ANSWER 1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Motor reproduction
4. Reinforcement
When removal of a stimulus in response to a behavior increases the frequency of that
behavior, ________ is said to have occurred. - ANSWER Negative reinforcement
_____________ in classical conditioning is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to
the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned
response. - ANSWER Generalization
_____________ refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated
presentations. - ANSWER Habituation
Which theorist worked with dogs who were exposed to inescapable shocks and
ultimately proposed the theory of learned helplessness? - ANSWER Seligman
In order to get an animal to perform a complex behavior, we might reinforce successive
, approximations. This process of reinforcing successive approximations of the desired
behavior is called _______________. - ANSWER Shaping
By ringing a bell whenever he gave food to his lab dogs, Pavlov eventually got the dogs
to salivate to the sound of the bell. In this context the salivation elicited by sound of the
bell is called the - ANSWER Conditioned response
Which of the following are examples of primary reinforcers? - ANSWER Food
Water
__________ of reinforcement are timetables that determine when a behavior will be
reinforced. - ANSWER Schedules
A(n) _______ stimulus produces a response without prior learning. - ANSWER
Unconditioned
What is insight learning? - ANSWER A form of problem solving in which the organism
develops a sudden understanding of the problem's solution.
___________ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus
and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired. - ANSWER Acquisition
_________ is the process in operant conditioning by which a stimulus following a
particular behavior increases the probability that a behavior will be repeated. -
ANSWER Reinforcement
______________ is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned
stimulus is absent. - ANSWER Extinction
An ______________ response is an unlearned response that is automatically elicited by a
stimulus that produces a response without prior learning. - ANSWER Unconditioned
___________ is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not to others. -
ANSWER Discrimination
____________ ______________ is when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an
innately meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. -
ANSWER Classical Conditioning
Which theory of learning discounts the importance of such mental activities as thinking,
wishing, and hoping, and focuses solely on observable actions? - ANSWER Behaviorism
