Test Bank- Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated Handbook 4th Edition (Karen G. Duderstadt, 2025) Latest Edition|| All Chapters

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Study and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
Chapter 1: Approach to Care
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ss




1. Anurse is reviewingdevelopmentalconcepts for infants and children. Whichstatement best
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ss describes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderlyprocess, occurs at varying rates within ss ss ss ss s ss ss ss ss ss



normal limits.
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b. Development is primarilyrelated to the growth in the number and size ofcells.
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c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development
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occurring first.
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d. Development is more easilyand accuratelymeasured than growth. s s ss ss ss s ss ss




ANS: A ss




Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
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ss function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexitycan vary
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ss normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a
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ss definition for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle
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ss organization occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more
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s s complex process that is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately
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ss measured. Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify
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any delays or deficits.
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b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage ofdevelopment.
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c. Criticalperiods ofdevelopment occur during childhood.
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d. Childdevelopment is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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ANS: C ss




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
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ss developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
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ss time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
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ss requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a
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s s nurturing environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation
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ss specific to their developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed
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ss in a predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: C ss




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
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ss factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
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ss not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
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ss factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth
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ss and development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a
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ss significant role in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The
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ss environment can influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but
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ss environmental factors cannot eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth
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ss and plays a significant role throughout childhood.
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4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian
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s s theory, the period of cognitive s s ss s s s s s s development s s in which the child s s s s s s s s is s s able to s s




s s distinguish s s fact s s from fantasy is ss ss s s the period of cognitive development.
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a. sensorimotor




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