N
54-
N 2025-
Chapter 01: Introduction to
v v v
vPathophysiologyBanasik: Pathophysiology, v
v7th Edition
v
MULTIPLE CHOICE v
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently
v v v v v v v v v v
developed apharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature
v v v v v v v v v v
of102.3°F, skin rash,dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Hecomplains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
for Streptococcus, and antibiotics havebeen prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s
v v v v v v v v v v
disease is
v v
a. a sore throat. v v
b. streptococcal infection. v
c. genetic susceptibility. v
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
A sore throat isthe manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility
v v v v v v v v v v v
refers to inherited tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to
v v v v v v v v v v v
inflammation of thethroat and is also a clinical manifestation of the disease
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
process.
v
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that
v v v v v v v v v v
causesmeningitis. This is an example of
v v v v v v
a. primary prevention. v
b. secondary prevention. v
c. tertiary prevention. v
,d. disease treatment.
v
, ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing
v v v v v v v v v v
exposure forsusceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary
v v v v v v v v v v
prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Tertiaryprevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
v v v v v v v v v
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
v v v v v v v v v
management ofthe disease once it has developed.
v v v v v v v v
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
v exerciseprogram. This is an example of v v v v v
a. primary prevention. v
b. secondary prevention. v
c. tertiary prevention. v
d. disease treatment. v
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
v v v v v v v v v v
diseasesuch asprescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already
v v v v v v v v v v v v
developedobesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
v v v v v v v v v v
susceptibility orreducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention
v v v v v v v v v
includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
v v v v v v v v v v v
restoreeffective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease
v v v v v v v v v v
once it has developed.
v v v v
, 4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to
v v v v v v v v v v v v
restrict sodiumintake. This is an example of
v v v v v v v
a. primary prevention. v
b. secondary prevention. v
c. tertiary prevention. v
d. disease treatment. v
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
v v v v v v v v v v
disease, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary
v v v v v v v v v v v v
prevention is preventionof disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
v v v v v v v v v v v
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive
v v v v v v v v
carev
and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment
v v v v v v v v v v
involves management of the disease once it has developed.
v v v v v v v v v
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vloweringmedication. This is an example of v v v v v
a. primary prevention. v
b. secondary prevention. v
c. tertiary prevention. v
d. disease treatment. v
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
v v v v v v v v v v
disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
v v v v v v v v v v
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
v v v v v v v v v v v v
alteringsusceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary
v v v v v v v v
prevention is theearly detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease
v v v v v v v v v v v
treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
v v v v v v v v v v
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating
v v v v v v v v v v v v
signs ofthis disease. This stage of illness is called the
v v v v v v v v v v stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
v v v v v v v v v v v v
agent andthe firstappearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
nonspecific,such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated
v v v v v v v v v v v
with a numberof different diseases. Sequela refersto subsequent pathologic
v v v v v v v v v
condition resulting from
v v v
a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
surgical operation.
v v
7. A v disease that is native to a particular region is called
v v v v v v v v v
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
54-
N 2025-
Chapter 01: Introduction to
v v v
vPathophysiologyBanasik: Pathophysiology, v
v7th Edition
v
MULTIPLE CHOICE v
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently
v v v v v v v v v v
developed apharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature
v v v v v v v v v v
of102.3°F, skin rash,dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Hecomplains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
for Streptococcus, and antibiotics havebeen prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s
v v v v v v v v v v
disease is
v v
a. a sore throat. v v
b. streptococcal infection. v
c. genetic susceptibility. v
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
A sore throat isthe manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility
v v v v v v v v v v v
refers to inherited tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to
v v v v v v v v v v v
inflammation of thethroat and is also a clinical manifestation of the disease
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
process.
v
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that
v v v v v v v v v v
causesmeningitis. This is an example of
v v v v v v
a. primary prevention. v
b. secondary prevention. v
c. tertiary prevention. v
,d. disease treatment.
v
, ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing
v v v v v v v v v v
exposure forsusceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary
v v v v v v v v v v
prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Tertiaryprevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
v v v v v v v v v
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
v v v v v v v v v
management ofthe disease once it has developed.
v v v v v v v v
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
v exerciseprogram. This is an example of v v v v v
a. primary prevention. v
b. secondary prevention. v
c. tertiary prevention. v
d. disease treatment. v
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
v v v v v v v v v v
diseasesuch asprescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already
v v v v v v v v v v v v
developedobesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
v v v v v v v v v v
susceptibility orreducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention
v v v v v v v v v
includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
v v v v v v v v v v v
restoreeffective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease
v v v v v v v v v v
once it has developed.
v v v v
, 4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to
v v v v v v v v v v v v
restrict sodiumintake. This is an example of
v v v v v v v
a. primary prevention. v
b. secondary prevention. v
c. tertiary prevention. v
d. disease treatment. v
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
v v v v v v v v v v
disease, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary
v v v v v v v v v v v v
prevention is preventionof disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
v v v v v v v v v v v
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive
v v v v v v v v
carev
and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment
v v v v v v v v v v
involves management of the disease once it has developed.
v v v v v v v v v
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vloweringmedication. This is an example of v v v v v
a. primary prevention. v
b. secondary prevention. v
c. tertiary prevention. v
d. disease treatment. v
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
v v v v v v v v v v
disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
v v v v v v v v v v
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
v v v v v v v v v v v v
alteringsusceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary
v v v v v v v v
prevention is theearly detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease
v v v v v v v v v v v
treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
v v v v v v v v v v
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating
v v v v v v v v v v v v
signs ofthis disease. This stage of illness is called the
v v v v v v v v v v stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
v v v v v v v v v v v v
agent andthe firstappearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
nonspecific,such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated
v v v v v v v v v v v
with a numberof different diseases. Sequela refersto subsequent pathologic
v v v v v v v v v
condition resulting from
v v v
a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
surgical operation.
v v
7. A v disease that is native to a particular region is called
v v v v v v v v v
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
