1B Oceans and coastal Margins
the Earth spins east west
oceansareimportantb ecause
Globalfoodsource
cargeinfluence on the earth'sclimate
keyto globalt rade
important ecosystem carsonsinks cold piratedskies
yegg we
makeupabout ton of theearth'ssurface
influencenaturaldisasters tsunamie arthquakeshurricanes
influences weatherandclimate
ocean atmosphere interactions
Ocean Currents
Despitesome countries being at thesame latitudeweatherconditionsmaydifferbecause a currents
currents arecaused by the influenceof prevailingwinds
currents influence the locationof marine life and maythereforeinfluence trade cesfish inJapan or the pacificocean nutrientrich
Thewaterdoesn't rotate perfectly in line with the Earth
man
effect on
IIII
noticeablein winter
me temperatures of polara reas with ara of prevailingwestersw inds
windsare always describedfromwhere
theycomefrom
manyeasternoceansexperiencevoweringcurrentswherethe oceancurrents
movecoldwater rien innutrientsfromthe ocean
f loorto thesurface
coldoceancurrentsmovewaterawayfromcardregions towards the equator
warmoceancurrentsmovewaterawayfrom the equator
specificheatcapacity
it takesmoreenergyto neat up water than it does to neat and it takeslongerfor water to lose neat
land ishotterthan the seaby the day
,The ocean conveyor belt
transfer of energy by deep sea currents
Thermonaline deep oceancirculation
saltywater is denserthanfreshwatert herefore the salt sinksdown
coldcurrents aredenserthanwarmerc urrentstherefore coldwatersinas
III time
coldwater is nutrientrion
the densestwater antarcticsea seawaterfreezes to formice
El Nino La Nina
ElNino thewarmingofthe easternPacific
intervalsbetween zand toyears easesup to a years
watersloshesbackandforth in thepacific
caned the El Ninosouthernoscillationcensor cycle
Normanpacific
o ceanconditions
warmsurfacewater is pushedintothe westernpacific
upwelling
nearsoutha mericawinasnowoffshore
normally seasurfacetemperature in the westernpacific over zoo
lowpressure nighrainfall
southamericancoast highpressure conditions any
ninopacifico ceanconditions
conditions reversed
easternPacific watertemperaturesriseaswarmwaterfrom the westernpacificflowsinto the easternpacific
seasurfacetemperatures issts of act extendfurthera cross thepacific
III I no aneaanooo people andcausedan estimated 36simianworthof damage
can stayconcludedthatbetween ian and zoom almost ofthewomensc ropswereaffectedby ElNinoevents
1997 98 heavyrains in EastAfrica created pools that allowed mosquitoes to breed
Hoodsalsodamaged roads difficultto transportm edicine bednetsand insecticides
2015 16 ElNino event waterandfoodshortagesfor100millionpeople
amillionchildrenin EastAfricaand southernAfricawere in need of treatment formalnutrition
La Nina coldcurrentthat flowsfromeaseacrossthe equatorialPacificocean
intensification of normalconditions
strongeasterlywindspushand upwellingwater off thecoast of southamericainto the westernPacific
Hurricanes tropicalcyclone
I IE notalwayspossible to givemorethan a 12hr notice
develop as intense lowpressuresystems overtropicaloceans
Diameter maybe asbigas800am
, maturenurricane pressuretail to as low as 880minibars
moveexcess neat from low latitudes to nigherlatitudes
storm surges moreharmfulthanwindsand rainfalli tself
Formation of Hurricanes
1 oceanwater temperature over 27 com deep
2 warmwater nears airabove it createlowpressure at the surface
www.msn.n.mn
4 warmmoist air coolsandcondensesreleasinglatent heat
IIE.EE EEEEEEE
3conditionsmustbeunstable
it iiiiae ias
7 tropicaldepressionforms canasago.amn
8 windsstrengthenforming a tropical storm cwinas as min
a winasexceed120lamin formation of hurricane
typhoon novenwestPacific
cyclones pacificocean
tropicalc yclones lowpressuresystems thatbringheavyrainfallstrongwindsandhigh
waves
causeotherhazards e.g mudslides flooding
impacts of hurricanes
category 1 windspeeds na 153amin aminimal
category 2 windspeeds 154177kmin moderate
category 3 windspeeds 178209kmin Extensive
category 4 windspeeds 210249kmin Extreme
category 5 windspeeds 250kmin catastrophic
unpredictability ofhurricanes difficult to managethem
strongeststorms notalwayscause the greatestdamage
distributionof hurricanes increaserisks
associatedwithhurricanes
was improperpreparation inadequate planning
Role of oceans as a source and store of CO2
ocean greatestc arbonsink
25 of humanco2emissions absorbed by theocean
upperlayers of ocean lower concentration of carbonisiniasto the bottom
if carbon lifted a ocean source sink
Duringcoldglacialphases co2levelsdecrease
During warm interglacial phases co2levelsincrease
8g nine
sina.PE EsgeneigEe maggots a seesthe materigea.ec osesinto a Engsteigestied
the Earth spins east west
oceansareimportantb ecause
Globalfoodsource
cargeinfluence on the earth'sclimate
keyto globalt rade
important ecosystem carsonsinks cold piratedskies
yegg we
makeupabout ton of theearth'ssurface
influencenaturaldisasters tsunamie arthquakeshurricanes
influences weatherandclimate
ocean atmosphere interactions
Ocean Currents
Despitesome countries being at thesame latitudeweatherconditionsmaydifferbecause a currents
currents arecaused by the influenceof prevailingwinds
currents influence the locationof marine life and maythereforeinfluence trade cesfish inJapan or the pacificocean nutrientrich
Thewaterdoesn't rotate perfectly in line with the Earth
man
effect on
IIII
noticeablein winter
me temperatures of polara reas with ara of prevailingwestersw inds
windsare always describedfromwhere
theycomefrom
manyeasternoceansexperiencevoweringcurrentswherethe oceancurrents
movecoldwater rien innutrientsfromthe ocean
f loorto thesurface
coldoceancurrentsmovewaterawayfromcardregions towards the equator
warmoceancurrentsmovewaterawayfrom the equator
specificheatcapacity
it takesmoreenergyto neat up water than it does to neat and it takeslongerfor water to lose neat
land ishotterthan the seaby the day
,The ocean conveyor belt
transfer of energy by deep sea currents
Thermonaline deep oceancirculation
saltywater is denserthanfreshwatert herefore the salt sinksdown
coldcurrents aredenserthanwarmerc urrentstherefore coldwatersinas
III time
coldwater is nutrientrion
the densestwater antarcticsea seawaterfreezes to formice
El Nino La Nina
ElNino thewarmingofthe easternPacific
intervalsbetween zand toyears easesup to a years
watersloshesbackandforth in thepacific
caned the El Ninosouthernoscillationcensor cycle
Normanpacific
o ceanconditions
warmsurfacewater is pushedintothe westernpacific
upwelling
nearsoutha mericawinasnowoffshore
normally seasurfacetemperature in the westernpacific over zoo
lowpressure nighrainfall
southamericancoast highpressure conditions any
ninopacifico ceanconditions
conditions reversed
easternPacific watertemperaturesriseaswarmwaterfrom the westernpacificflowsinto the easternpacific
seasurfacetemperatures issts of act extendfurthera cross thepacific
III I no aneaanooo people andcausedan estimated 36simianworthof damage
can stayconcludedthatbetween ian and zoom almost ofthewomensc ropswereaffectedby ElNinoevents
1997 98 heavyrains in EastAfrica created pools that allowed mosquitoes to breed
Hoodsalsodamaged roads difficultto transportm edicine bednetsand insecticides
2015 16 ElNino event waterandfoodshortagesfor100millionpeople
amillionchildrenin EastAfricaand southernAfricawere in need of treatment formalnutrition
La Nina coldcurrentthat flowsfromeaseacrossthe equatorialPacificocean
intensification of normalconditions
strongeasterlywindspushand upwellingwater off thecoast of southamericainto the westernPacific
Hurricanes tropicalcyclone
I IE notalwayspossible to givemorethan a 12hr notice
develop as intense lowpressuresystems overtropicaloceans
Diameter maybe asbigas800am
, maturenurricane pressuretail to as low as 880minibars
moveexcess neat from low latitudes to nigherlatitudes
storm surges moreharmfulthanwindsand rainfalli tself
Formation of Hurricanes
1 oceanwater temperature over 27 com deep
2 warmwater nears airabove it createlowpressure at the surface
www.msn.n.mn
4 warmmoist air coolsandcondensesreleasinglatent heat
IIE.EE EEEEEEE
3conditionsmustbeunstable
it iiiiae ias
7 tropicaldepressionforms canasago.amn
8 windsstrengthenforming a tropical storm cwinas as min
a winasexceed120lamin formation of hurricane
typhoon novenwestPacific
cyclones pacificocean
tropicalc yclones lowpressuresystems thatbringheavyrainfallstrongwindsandhigh
waves
causeotherhazards e.g mudslides flooding
impacts of hurricanes
category 1 windspeeds na 153amin aminimal
category 2 windspeeds 154177kmin moderate
category 3 windspeeds 178209kmin Extensive
category 4 windspeeds 210249kmin Extreme
category 5 windspeeds 250kmin catastrophic
unpredictability ofhurricanes difficult to managethem
strongeststorms notalwayscause the greatestdamage
distributionof hurricanes increaserisks
associatedwithhurricanes
was improperpreparation inadequate planning
Role of oceans as a source and store of CO2
ocean greatestc arbonsink
25 of humanco2emissions absorbed by theocean
upperlayers of ocean lower concentration of carbonisiniasto the bottom
if carbon lifted a ocean source sink
Duringcoldglacialphases co2levelsdecrease
During warm interglacial phases co2levelsincrease
8g nine
sina.PE EsgeneigEe maggots a seesthe materigea.ec osesinto a Engsteigestied
