GLPH – Modules 4 & 5: Complete Notes and Key Concepts
with Clear Explanations
primordial prevention - ANS ✔aims to prevent the development of risk factors of disease by
targeting the underlying environmental and social conditions that might promote them
targets the underlying health determinants by modifying social policies to improve the health of
a population
eg. promoting a lifestyle by establishing safe sidewalks and public outdoor spaces/ walking trails
primary prevention - ANS ✔identification and modification of risk factors to prevent the onset
of disease - risk reduction
targets susceptible individuals and attempt to prevent disease development
targets exposure and risk factors for specific disease as well as ways to increase immunity
eg. getting vaccinated
Seocndary prevention - ANS ✔early detection and treatment of disease before symptoms
appear
eg. regular mammograms to detect and treat breast cancer
teritary prevention - ANS ✔treatment of disease to spot its progression and control it s negative
consequences
,when a disease has developed and is in its clinical phase, then tertiary prevention strategies are
used
eg. Patients that have had a myocardial infraction having carbonic rehabilitation and regular
check-ups afterwards
what level of prevention
at the policy level, Canada has endorsed the Canada food guide to healthy eating - ANS
✔primordial
what level of prevention
treating your diabetes appropriately to will help prevent complications - ANS ✔tertiary
what level of prevention
regular exercise and health nutrition can prevent diabetes - ANS ✔primary
what level of prevention
having your doctor test your glucose regularly will identify diabetes early before you have
symptoms - ANS ✔secondary
difference between primordial prevention and health promotion - ANS ✔Primordial prevention
= risk factor prevention/ reduction through social and environmental changes for the entire
population - these changes tend to be accomplished through policy and law changes
Health promotion = helps individuals increase their control over their health, by promoting skill
development and healthy habits - so its a comprehensive approach to helping people obtain
their maximum achievable health status
,two main approaches to effective health promotion - ANS ✔1. Identification of individuals
susceptible to a risk factor and intervening to reduce the development of that risk is one
effective approach to health promotion
eg. You can prevent the likelihood of children developing smoking habits by advising parent to
quit smoking and providing the parents with smoking cessation programs
2. Reducing the average risk level for the whole population is another effective approach to
health promotion, which can be accomplished through legislative and/or public policy change
eg. Consider a policy that mandates companies to display nutritional facts on all food products -
this would allow individuals to see nutritional value of products and may make them less likely
to purchase unhealthy products
health promotion at the individual and population levels target the... - ANS ✔behaviours,
environmental conditions, social conditions and any other factors that could lead to the
development fo risk factors
three factors of health promotion - ANS ✔1. environmental factors - occupation, housing/living
conditions, school or work environment
2. social factors - education, family, social economic status (SES), war/conflict, culture,
race/racism
3. other factors - internal/external factors that affect health, healthy/unhealthy behaviours,
availability of quality health services
why is behaviour change important - ANS ✔personal health behaviours are critical aspect of
one's health and are the most easily modifiable SDH
eg. tobacco use, diet, physical activity, risk sexual practices
Social Ecological Model - ANS ✔groups the barriers of behaviour change into
individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, public policy
, Public policy level involves the broad, structural factors such as local, state and federal policies
that may either enable or hinder an individual's ability to take control over their health
Examples:
unfair trade and labour laws that increase prices and access to care products and services
Lack of funding to the healthcare system and other social services
Punitive drug policies
Lack of a comprehensive health curriculum at school
Community/ institution level includes the social and physical environments and settings
individuals engage with daily including schools, workplaces, neighbourhoods, and healthcare
facilities
This level encompasses social and gender norms, a sense of empowerment within the
community and the policies that influence the social environment of schools and workplaces
Examples:
lack of economic and housing opportunities
Inflexible work environment
Lack fo healthy food options at school
Inaccessible parks and other recreational areas
Interpersonal level involves social relationships, include those with friends, family, peers,
partners and coworkers. Anyone of these relationships may influence and indivudal's behaviour
positively or negatively
Examples:
lack of connection and social integration with peers at school
Unsupportive family or peer environment
Lack of agreeableness within the physician-patient relationship
Social norms with peer group that promote negative behaviours such as smoking
with Clear Explanations
primordial prevention - ANS ✔aims to prevent the development of risk factors of disease by
targeting the underlying environmental and social conditions that might promote them
targets the underlying health determinants by modifying social policies to improve the health of
a population
eg. promoting a lifestyle by establishing safe sidewalks and public outdoor spaces/ walking trails
primary prevention - ANS ✔identification and modification of risk factors to prevent the onset
of disease - risk reduction
targets susceptible individuals and attempt to prevent disease development
targets exposure and risk factors for specific disease as well as ways to increase immunity
eg. getting vaccinated
Seocndary prevention - ANS ✔early detection and treatment of disease before symptoms
appear
eg. regular mammograms to detect and treat breast cancer
teritary prevention - ANS ✔treatment of disease to spot its progression and control it s negative
consequences
,when a disease has developed and is in its clinical phase, then tertiary prevention strategies are
used
eg. Patients that have had a myocardial infraction having carbonic rehabilitation and regular
check-ups afterwards
what level of prevention
at the policy level, Canada has endorsed the Canada food guide to healthy eating - ANS
✔primordial
what level of prevention
treating your diabetes appropriately to will help prevent complications - ANS ✔tertiary
what level of prevention
regular exercise and health nutrition can prevent diabetes - ANS ✔primary
what level of prevention
having your doctor test your glucose regularly will identify diabetes early before you have
symptoms - ANS ✔secondary
difference between primordial prevention and health promotion - ANS ✔Primordial prevention
= risk factor prevention/ reduction through social and environmental changes for the entire
population - these changes tend to be accomplished through policy and law changes
Health promotion = helps individuals increase their control over their health, by promoting skill
development and healthy habits - so its a comprehensive approach to helping people obtain
their maximum achievable health status
,two main approaches to effective health promotion - ANS ✔1. Identification of individuals
susceptible to a risk factor and intervening to reduce the development of that risk is one
effective approach to health promotion
eg. You can prevent the likelihood of children developing smoking habits by advising parent to
quit smoking and providing the parents with smoking cessation programs
2. Reducing the average risk level for the whole population is another effective approach to
health promotion, which can be accomplished through legislative and/or public policy change
eg. Consider a policy that mandates companies to display nutritional facts on all food products -
this would allow individuals to see nutritional value of products and may make them less likely
to purchase unhealthy products
health promotion at the individual and population levels target the... - ANS ✔behaviours,
environmental conditions, social conditions and any other factors that could lead to the
development fo risk factors
three factors of health promotion - ANS ✔1. environmental factors - occupation, housing/living
conditions, school or work environment
2. social factors - education, family, social economic status (SES), war/conflict, culture,
race/racism
3. other factors - internal/external factors that affect health, healthy/unhealthy behaviours,
availability of quality health services
why is behaviour change important - ANS ✔personal health behaviours are critical aspect of
one's health and are the most easily modifiable SDH
eg. tobacco use, diet, physical activity, risk sexual practices
Social Ecological Model - ANS ✔groups the barriers of behaviour change into
individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, public policy
, Public policy level involves the broad, structural factors such as local, state and federal policies
that may either enable or hinder an individual's ability to take control over their health
Examples:
unfair trade and labour laws that increase prices and access to care products and services
Lack of funding to the healthcare system and other social services
Punitive drug policies
Lack of a comprehensive health curriculum at school
Community/ institution level includes the social and physical environments and settings
individuals engage with daily including schools, workplaces, neighbourhoods, and healthcare
facilities
This level encompasses social and gender norms, a sense of empowerment within the
community and the policies that influence the social environment of schools and workplaces
Examples:
lack of economic and housing opportunities
Inflexible work environment
Lack fo healthy food options at school
Inaccessible parks and other recreational areas
Interpersonal level involves social relationships, include those with friends, family, peers,
partners and coworkers. Anyone of these relationships may influence and indivudal's behaviour
positively or negatively
Examples:
lack of connection and social integration with peers at school
Unsupportive family or peer environment
Lack of agreeableness within the physician-patient relationship
Social norms with peer group that promote negative behaviours such as smoking
