Fundamentals of Nursing 9th Edition
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
,DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has spersonnel, spolicy, sand sbudgetary sresponsibility sfor sa sspecific snursing sunit sor sfacility. sAs
san s educator, syou sexplain sconcepts sand sfacts sabout shealth, sdescribe sthe sreason sfor
sroutine scare s s s activities, sdemonstrate sprocedures ssuch sas sself-care sactivities, sreinforce
slearning sor spatient sbehavior, s and sevaluate sthe spatient’s sprogress sin slearning. sAs sa spatient
sadvocate, syou sprotect syour spatient’s s human sand slegal srights sand sprovide sassistance sin
sasserting sthese srights sif sthe sneed sarises. sAs sa s caregiver, syou shelp spatients smaintain sand
sregain shealth, smanage sdisease sand ssymptoms, sand sattain s s s a smaximal slevel sfunction sand
sindependence sthrough sthe shealing sprocess. s
DIF:Apply s(application)REF:4 s
OBJ: sDescribe sthe sroles sand scareer sopportunities sfor snurses. sTOP: sImplementation
s MSC:Management sof sCare s
6. The snurse shas sbeen sworking sin sthe sclinical ssetting sfor sseveral syears sas san sadvanced
spractice s s nurse. sHowever, sthe snurse shas sa sstrong sdesire sto spursue sresearch sand stheory
sdevelopment. sTo sfulfill s this sdesire, swhich sprogram sshould sthe snurse sattend? s
a. Doctor sof sNursing sScience sdegree s(DNSc) s
b. Doctor sof sPhilosophy sdegree s(PhD) s
c. Doctor sof sNursing sPractice sdegree s(DNP) s
d. Doctor sin sthe sScience sof sNursing sdegree s(DSN) s
ANS: sB s
Some sdoctoral sprograms sprepare snurses sfor smore srigorous sresearch sand stheory
sdevelopment sand s award sthe sresearch-oriented sDoctor sof sPhilosophy s(PhD) sin snursing.
sProfessional sdoctoral sprograms s s in snursing s(DSN sor sDNSc) sprepare sgraduates sto sapply
sresearch sfindings sto sclinical snursing. sThe sDNP s is sa spractice sdoctorate sthat sprepares
sadvanced spractice snurses ssuch sas snurse spractitioners. s
, DIF:Understand s(comprehension)REF:10
OBJ: sDescribe seducational sprograms savailable sfor sprofessional sregistered snurse s(RN)
seducation. s TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management sof sCare s
7. A snurse sattends sa sworkshop son scurrent snursing sissues sprovided sby sthe
sAmerican sNurses s Association. sWhich stype sof seducation sdid sthe snurse sreceive? s
a. Graduate seducation s
b. Inservice seducation s
c. Continuing seducation s
d. Registered snurse seducation s
ANS: sC s
Continuing seducation sinvolves sformal, sorganized seducational sprograms soffered sby suniversities,
s hospitals, sstate snurses sassociations, sprofessional snursing sorganizations, sand seducational
sand shealth s care sinstitutions. sAfter sobtaining sa sbaccalaureate sdegree sin snursing, syou scan
spursue sgraduate s education sleading sto sa smaster’s sor sdoctoral sdegree sin sany snumber sof
sgraduate sfields, sincluding s nursing. sInservice seducation sprograms sare sinstruction sor straining
sprovided sby sa shealth scare sfacility sor s institution. sRegistered snurse seducation sis sthe
seducation spreparation sfor san sindividual sintending sto sbe s an sRN. s
DIF:Apply s(application)REF:10 s
OBJ: sDescribe seducational sprograms savailable sfor sprofessional sregistered snurse s(RN)
seducation. s TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management sof sCare s
8. A snurse sidentifies sgaps sbetween slocal sand sbest spractices. sWhich sQuality sand sSafety
sEducation sfor s Nurses s(QSEN) scompetency sis sthe snurse sdemonstrating? s
a. Safety s
b. Patient-centered scare
c. Quality simprovement s
d. Teamwork sand scollaboration
ANS: sC s
Quality simprovement sidentifies sgaps sbetween slocal sand sbest spractices. sSafety sminimizes srisk
sof sharm s to spatients sand sproviders sthrough sboth ssystem seffectiveness sand sindividual
sperformance. sPatient- s centered scare srecognizes sthe spatient sor sdesignee sas sthe ssource sof
scontrol sand sfull spartner sin s s s providing scompassionate sand scoordinated scare sbased son
srespect sfor spatient’s spreferences, svalues, s and sneeds. sTeamwork sand scollaboration sallows
seffective sfunctioning swithin snursing sand s
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
,DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has spersonnel, spolicy, sand sbudgetary sresponsibility sfor sa sspecific snursing sunit sor sfacility. sAs
san s educator, syou sexplain sconcepts sand sfacts sabout shealth, sdescribe sthe sreason sfor
sroutine scare s s s activities, sdemonstrate sprocedures ssuch sas sself-care sactivities, sreinforce
slearning sor spatient sbehavior, s and sevaluate sthe spatient’s sprogress sin slearning. sAs sa spatient
sadvocate, syou sprotect syour spatient’s s human sand slegal srights sand sprovide sassistance sin
sasserting sthese srights sif sthe sneed sarises. sAs sa s caregiver, syou shelp spatients smaintain sand
sregain shealth, smanage sdisease sand ssymptoms, sand sattain s s s a smaximal slevel sfunction sand
sindependence sthrough sthe shealing sprocess. s
DIF:Apply s(application)REF:4 s
OBJ: sDescribe sthe sroles sand scareer sopportunities sfor snurses. sTOP: sImplementation
s MSC:Management sof sCare s
6. The snurse shas sbeen sworking sin sthe sclinical ssetting sfor sseveral syears sas san sadvanced
spractice s s nurse. sHowever, sthe snurse shas sa sstrong sdesire sto spursue sresearch sand stheory
sdevelopment. sTo sfulfill s this sdesire, swhich sprogram sshould sthe snurse sattend? s
a. Doctor sof sNursing sScience sdegree s(DNSc) s
b. Doctor sof sPhilosophy sdegree s(PhD) s
c. Doctor sof sNursing sPractice sdegree s(DNP) s
d. Doctor sin sthe sScience sof sNursing sdegree s(DSN) s
ANS: sB s
Some sdoctoral sprograms sprepare snurses sfor smore srigorous sresearch sand stheory
sdevelopment sand s award sthe sresearch-oriented sDoctor sof sPhilosophy s(PhD) sin snursing.
sProfessional sdoctoral sprograms s s in snursing s(DSN sor sDNSc) sprepare sgraduates sto sapply
sresearch sfindings sto sclinical snursing. sThe sDNP s is sa spractice sdoctorate sthat sprepares
sadvanced spractice snurses ssuch sas snurse spractitioners. s
, DIF:Understand s(comprehension)REF:10
OBJ: sDescribe seducational sprograms savailable sfor sprofessional sregistered snurse s(RN)
seducation. s TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management sof sCare s
7. A snurse sattends sa sworkshop son scurrent snursing sissues sprovided sby sthe
sAmerican sNurses s Association. sWhich stype sof seducation sdid sthe snurse sreceive? s
a. Graduate seducation s
b. Inservice seducation s
c. Continuing seducation s
d. Registered snurse seducation s
ANS: sC s
Continuing seducation sinvolves sformal, sorganized seducational sprograms soffered sby suniversities,
s hospitals, sstate snurses sassociations, sprofessional snursing sorganizations, sand seducational
sand shealth s care sinstitutions. sAfter sobtaining sa sbaccalaureate sdegree sin snursing, syou scan
spursue sgraduate s education sleading sto sa smaster’s sor sdoctoral sdegree sin sany snumber sof
sgraduate sfields, sincluding s nursing. sInservice seducation sprograms sare sinstruction sor straining
sprovided sby sa shealth scare sfacility sor s institution. sRegistered snurse seducation sis sthe
seducation spreparation sfor san sindividual sintending sto sbe s an sRN. s
DIF:Apply s(application)REF:10 s
OBJ: sDescribe seducational sprograms savailable sfor sprofessional sregistered snurse s(RN)
seducation. s TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management sof sCare s
8. A snurse sidentifies sgaps sbetween slocal sand sbest spractices. sWhich sQuality sand sSafety
sEducation sfor s Nurses s(QSEN) scompetency sis sthe snurse sdemonstrating? s
a. Safety s
b. Patient-centered scare
c. Quality simprovement s
d. Teamwork sand scollaboration
ANS: sC s
Quality simprovement sidentifies sgaps sbetween slocal sand sbest spractices. sSafety sminimizes srisk
sof sharm s to spatients sand sproviders sthrough sboth ssystem seffectiveness sand sindividual
sperformance. sPatient- s centered scare srecognizes sthe spatient sor sdesignee sas sthe ssource sof
scontrol sand sfull spartner sin s s s providing scompassionate sand scoordinated scare sbased son
srespect sfor spatient’s spreferences, svalues, s and sneeds. sTeamwork sand scollaboration sallows
seffective sfunctioning swithin snursing sand s
