Fundamentals of Nursing 9th Edition
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
,DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager acoordinates athe aactivities aof amembers aof athe anursing astaff ain adelivering anursing
acare aand a has apersonnel, apolicy, aand abudgetary aresponsibility afor aa aspecific anursing aunit
aor afacility. aAs aan a educator, ayou aexplain aconcepts aand afacts aabout ahealth, adescribe athe
areason afor aroutine acare a a a activities, ademonstrate aprocedures asuch aas aself-care aactivities,
areinforce alearning aor apatient abehavior, a and aevaluate athe apatient’s aprogress ain alearning.
aAs aa apatient aadvocate, ayou aprotect ayour apatient’s a human aand alegal arights aand aprovide
aassistance ain aasserting athese arights aif athe aneed aarises. aAs aa a caregiver, ayou ahelp
apatients amaintain aand aregain ahealth, amanage adisease aand asymptoms, aand aattain a a a a
amaximal alevel afunction aand aindependence athrough athe ahealing aprocess. a
DIF:Apply a(application)REF:4 a
OBJ: aDescribe athe aroles aand acareer aopportunities afor anurses. aTOP: aImplementation
a MSC:Management aof aCare a
6. The anurse ahas abeen aworking ain athe aclinical asetting afor aseveral ayears aas aan aadvanced
apractice a a nurse. aHowever, athe anurse ahas aa astrong adesire ato apursue aresearch aand atheory
adevelopment. aTo afulfill a this adesire, awhich aprogram ashould athe anurse aattend? a
a. Doctor aof aNursing aScience adegree a(DNSc) a
b. Doctor aof aPhilosophy adegree a(PhD) a
c. Doctor aof aNursing aPractice adegree a(DNP) a
d. Doctor ain athe aScience aof aNursing adegree a(DSN) a
ANS: aB a
Some adoctoral aprograms aprepare anurses afor amore arigorous aresearch aand atheory
adevelopment aand a award athe aresearch-oriented aDoctor aof aPhilosophy a(PhD) ain anursing.
aProfessional adoctoral aprograms a a in anursing a(DSN aor aDNSc) aprepare agraduates ato aapply
aresearch afindings ato aclinical anursing. aThe aDNP a is aa apractice adoctorate athat aprepares
aadvanced apractice anurses asuch aas anurse apractitioners. a
, DIF:Understand a(comprehension)REF:10
OBJ: aDescribe aeducational aprograms aavailable afor aprofessional aregistered anurse a(RN)
aeducation. a TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management aof aCare a
7. A anurse aattends aa aworkshop aon acurrent anursing aissues aprovided aby athe
aAmerican aNurses a Association. aWhich atype aof aeducation adid athe anurse areceive? a
a. Graduate aeducation a
b. Inservice aeducation a
c. Continuing aeducation a
d. Registered anurse aeducation a
ANS: aC a
Continuing aeducation ainvolves aformal, aorganized aeducational aprograms aoffered aby
auniversities, a hospitals, astate anurses aassociations, aprofessional anursing aorganizations, aand
aeducational aand ahealth a care ainstitutions. aAfter aobtaining aa abaccalaureate adegree ain
anursing, ayou acan apursue agraduate a education aleading ato aa amaster’s aor adoctoral adegree ain
aany anumber aof agraduate afields, aincluding a nursing. aInservice aeducation aprograms aare
ainstruction aor atraining aprovided aby aa ahealth acare afacility aor a institution. aRegistered anurse
aeducation ais athe aeducation apreparation afor aan aindividual aintending ato abe a an aRN. a
DIF:Apply a(application)REF:10 a
OBJ: aDescribe aeducational aprograms aavailable afor aprofessional aregistered anurse a(RN)
aeducation. a TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management aof aCare a
8. A anurse aidentifies agaps abetween alocal aand abest apractices. aWhich aQuality aand aSafety
aEducation afor a Nurses a(QSEN) acompetency ais athe anurse ademonstrating? a
a. Safety a
b. Patient-centered acare
c. Quality aimprovement a
d. Teamwork aand acollaboration
ANS: aC a
Quality aimprovement aidentifies agaps abetween alocal aand abest apractices. aSafety aminimizes
arisk aof aharm a to apatients aand aproviders athrough aboth asystem aeffectiveness aand aindividual
aperformance. aPatient- a centered acare arecognizes athe apatient aor adesignee aas athe asource
aof acontrol aand afull apartner ain a a a providing acompassionate aand acoordinated acare abased aon
arespect afor apatient’s apreferences, avalues, a and aneeds. aTeamwork aand acollaboration aallows
aeffective afunctioning awithin anursing aand a
Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:5
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
practices. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent
to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning
,MSC:Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is
the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse
who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience
may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles
of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:2
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation
MSC:Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.
The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse may choose to work
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
,DIF:Apply (application)REF:3
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation
MSC:Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager acoordinates athe aactivities aof amembers aof athe anursing astaff ain adelivering anursing
acare aand a has apersonnel, apolicy, aand abudgetary aresponsibility afor aa aspecific anursing aunit
aor afacility. aAs aan a educator, ayou aexplain aconcepts aand afacts aabout ahealth, adescribe athe
areason afor aroutine acare a a a activities, ademonstrate aprocedures asuch aas aself-care aactivities,
areinforce alearning aor apatient abehavior, a and aevaluate athe apatient’s aprogress ain alearning.
aAs aa apatient aadvocate, ayou aprotect ayour apatient’s a human aand alegal arights aand aprovide
aassistance ain aasserting athese arights aif athe aneed aarises. aAs aa a caregiver, ayou ahelp
apatients amaintain aand aregain ahealth, amanage adisease aand asymptoms, aand aattain a a a a
amaximal alevel afunction aand aindependence athrough athe ahealing aprocess. a
DIF:Apply a(application)REF:4 a
OBJ: aDescribe athe aroles aand acareer aopportunities afor anurses. aTOP: aImplementation
a MSC:Management aof aCare a
6. The anurse ahas abeen aworking ain athe aclinical asetting afor aseveral ayears aas aan aadvanced
apractice a a nurse. aHowever, athe anurse ahas aa astrong adesire ato apursue aresearch aand atheory
adevelopment. aTo afulfill a this adesire, awhich aprogram ashould athe anurse aattend? a
a. Doctor aof aNursing aScience adegree a(DNSc) a
b. Doctor aof aPhilosophy adegree a(PhD) a
c. Doctor aof aNursing aPractice adegree a(DNP) a
d. Doctor ain athe aScience aof aNursing adegree a(DSN) a
ANS: aB a
Some adoctoral aprograms aprepare anurses afor amore arigorous aresearch aand atheory
adevelopment aand a award athe aresearch-oriented aDoctor aof aPhilosophy a(PhD) ain anursing.
aProfessional adoctoral aprograms a a in anursing a(DSN aor aDNSc) aprepare agraduates ato aapply
aresearch afindings ato aclinical anursing. aThe aDNP a is aa apractice adoctorate athat aprepares
aadvanced apractice anurses asuch aas anurse apractitioners. a
, DIF:Understand a(comprehension)REF:10
OBJ: aDescribe aeducational aprograms aavailable afor aprofessional aregistered anurse a(RN)
aeducation. a TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management aof aCare a
7. A anurse aattends aa aworkshop aon acurrent anursing aissues aprovided aby athe
aAmerican aNurses a Association. aWhich atype aof aeducation adid athe anurse areceive? a
a. Graduate aeducation a
b. Inservice aeducation a
c. Continuing aeducation a
d. Registered anurse aeducation a
ANS: aC a
Continuing aeducation ainvolves aformal, aorganized aeducational aprograms aoffered aby
auniversities, a hospitals, astate anurses aassociations, aprofessional anursing aorganizations, aand
aeducational aand ahealth a care ainstitutions. aAfter aobtaining aa abaccalaureate adegree ain
anursing, ayou acan apursue agraduate a education aleading ato aa amaster’s aor adoctoral adegree ain
aany anumber aof agraduate afields, aincluding a nursing. aInservice aeducation aprograms aare
ainstruction aor atraining aprovided aby aa ahealth acare afacility aor a institution. aRegistered anurse
aeducation ais athe aeducation apreparation afor aan aindividual aintending ato abe a an aRN. a
DIF:Apply a(application)REF:10 a
OBJ: aDescribe aeducational aprograms aavailable afor aprofessional aregistered anurse a(RN)
aeducation. a TOP:Teaching/LearningMSC:Management aof aCare a
8. A anurse aidentifies agaps abetween alocal aand abest apractices. aWhich aQuality aand aSafety
aEducation afor a Nurses a(QSEN) acompetency ais athe anurse ademonstrating? a
a. Safety a
b. Patient-centered acare
c. Quality aimprovement a
d. Teamwork aand acollaboration
ANS: aC a
Quality aimprovement aidentifies agaps abetween alocal aand abest apractices. aSafety aminimizes
arisk aof aharm a to apatients aand aproviders athrough aboth asystem aeffectiveness aand aindividual
aperformance. aPatient- a centered acare arecognizes athe apatient aor adesignee aas athe asource
aof acontrol aand afull apartner ain a a a providing acompassionate aand acoordinated acare abased aon
arespect afor apatient’s apreferences, avalues, a and aneeds. aTeamwork aand acollaboration aallows
aeffective afunctioning awithin anursing aand a
