1: HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
WORLD HISTORY SET EXAM 100%
SOLVED
,The Near East - ANSWERSComprised the Tigris & Euphrates Valley, the Fertile
Crescent, and The Nile Valley. They had the first system of independent states and
writing. Architectural achievements are the ziggurat & pyramid. the first codification of
law. the first lasting monotheism.
The Summarians - ANSWERScreators of the Mesopotamia civiliztion. Large scale
irrigation projects, advanced system of mathematics and the invention of the wheel.
Ziggurat - ANSWERSa rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the
ancient Assyrians and Babylonians and was the center of community life.
The Babalonians - ANSWERSThe Hitties, the Assyrians, Chaldeans, and the
Phoenicians. Centralized Government and advancements in algebra and geometry.
The Code of Hammurabi - ANSWERSa collection of laws covering crimes, farming,
business activities, and marriage and family. Many of the punishments were cruel, but
the code was an important step in the development of a justice system
The Hittites - ANSWERS2000-1200 B.C. conquered much of Asia Minor & northern
Mesopotamia; a major contribution included the invention of iron smelting, which
revolutionized warfare.
The Assyrians - ANSWERScreated an empire based on military superiority, conquest,
and terrorism (911-550 B.C.) -Military techniques included siege warfare, intimidation,
and the use of iron weapons. Created a centralized government, a postal service, an
extensive library, and a system of highways.
The Chaldeans - ANSWERSEstablished the new Babylonian Empire under
Nebuchadnezzar (605-538 B.C.)-Conquered Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine
Developed astrology, astronomy, advanced government bureaucracy, and architectural
achievements such as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
The Persians - ANSWERS-Attempted to unify the entire Near East under one rule (500s
B.C.)
-Established an international government
-Zoroastrianism, an ethical religion based on concepts of good and evil
-Failed to conquer the Greeks; Persia was eventually conquered by Alexander the
Great (334-331 B.C.)
The Phoenicians - ANSWERS-Became the first explorers, traders, and colonizers of the
ancient world; their civilization reached its peak in 1000 B.C.
-Greatest seafaring civilization in the ancient world
, -Developed extensive trade networks throughout the Mediterranean and set up distant
trade networks and trading colonies such as Tyre and Sidon
-Invented the first true alphabet
-Dominated the Mediterranean commerce and exported manufactured glass and purple
dye (royal purple)
The Lydians - ANSWERS-Occupied western Asia Minor (500s B.C.)
-Their culture reached its zenith under King Croesus (Golden King)
-Were responsible for the first coinage of money
The Israelites - ANSWERS-Established the first lasting monotheism
-Saul established the first kingdom in Palestine (c. 1030-1010 B.C.)
-After the death of Solomon (922 B.C.), the Hebrews were divided into two kingdoms
(Israel and Judah)
-Disunity and conquest resulted in the destruction of Israel (722 B.C.) and Judah (586
B.C.)
-The revolt of the Israelites against Rome resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem (A.D.
70) and the forced dispersal of the Jews from Palestine (Jewish Diaspora, c. A.D. 132-
135)
The Egyptians - ANSWERSestablishe a civiliztion in the Nile Valley.
Egyptian History - ANSWERSOld Kingdom (massive pyramids)
Middle kingdom
New kingdom (gets agressive)
Egyptian Religion - ANSWERSThey were polytheistic worshiping over 2,000 gods and
goddesses. They believed in the afterlife and that they would be judged for their life.
They had sacred burials. Ruled by Pharoahs.
Hieroglyphics - ANSWERSan ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were
used to represent ideas and sounds
The Nile - ANSWERSRiver that provided for the needs of Ancient Egyptians and made
their great civilization possible. Agriculture was the bases of the Egyptian Society.
Greece - ANSWERSa republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the
Balkan peninsula
Aegan - ANSWERSa center for civilizations which flourished in the 2nd and 3rd
millenniums BC
Minoan Civilization - ANSWERSAn advanced civilization that developed on the island of
Crete around 2500 BCE based its prosperity