EPI EXAM 4 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
15.3 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Of 2,872 persons who had received radiation treatment in childhood
because of an enlarged thymus, cancer of the thyroid developed in 24 and a benign thyroid tumor
developed in 52. A comparison group consisted of 5,055 children who had received no such treatment
(brothers and sisters of the children who had received radiation treatment). During the follow-up
period, none of the comparison group developed thyroid cancer, but benign thyroid tumors developed
in six. Calculate the relative risk for benign thyroid tumors: _____
*look at the formula doing this bc we get a formula sheet*
E - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅4. In a study of a disease in which all cases that developed were ascertained,
if the relative risk for the association between a factor and the disease is equal to or less than 1.0, then:
a. There is no association between the factor and the disease
b. The factor protects against development of the disease
c. Either matching or randomization has been unsuccessful
d. The comparison group used was unsuitable, and a valid comparison is not possible
e. There is either no association or a negative association between the factor and the disease
B - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅13. Which of the following generally cannot be estimated in a case-control
study?
a. Relative risk
b. Incidence rate
c. Prevalence of exposure in the source population
d. Odds ratio of disease
e. Odds ratio of exposure
there is likely no association because the risk of the exposed is equal to the risk of the unexposed -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅if RR = 1 what does this mean?
the risk in the exposed is greater than the unexposed so the relationship between the variables may be
causal (positive association) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅if RR > 1 what does this mean?
, Risk in exposed is less than risk in nonexposed (negative association; possibly protective) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅if RR < 1 what does this mean?
1. the ratio of the risks (incidence rate aka exposed/unexposed)
2. the difference in the risks (incidence rates aka exposed - unexposed) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅what
are the 2 ways excess risk can be calculated?
odds ratio - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The likelihood of a disease among individuals exposed to a risk factor
compared to those who have not been exposed (a/d/b/c)
absolute risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the incidence of disease in a population
relative risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The IR of a disease in a population exposed to a particular factor ÷
the IR of those not exposed
Attributable risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the proportion of disease caused by a certain risk factor (that
can be attributed to a specific exposure)
B - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer
are due to cigarette smoking. This measure is an example of:
a. An incidence rate
b. An attributable risk
c. A relative risk
d. A prevalence risk
e. A proportionate mortality ratio
questioning the attributable risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"how much of the risk of a disease can we
prevent if we are able to limit exposure to the agent in question" is an example of what type of
question?
the excess risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅what is attributable risk essentially?
15.3 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Of 2,872 persons who had received radiation treatment in childhood
because of an enlarged thymus, cancer of the thyroid developed in 24 and a benign thyroid tumor
developed in 52. A comparison group consisted of 5,055 children who had received no such treatment
(brothers and sisters of the children who had received radiation treatment). During the follow-up
period, none of the comparison group developed thyroid cancer, but benign thyroid tumors developed
in six. Calculate the relative risk for benign thyroid tumors: _____
*look at the formula doing this bc we get a formula sheet*
E - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅4. In a study of a disease in which all cases that developed were ascertained,
if the relative risk for the association between a factor and the disease is equal to or less than 1.0, then:
a. There is no association between the factor and the disease
b. The factor protects against development of the disease
c. Either matching or randomization has been unsuccessful
d. The comparison group used was unsuitable, and a valid comparison is not possible
e. There is either no association or a negative association between the factor and the disease
B - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅13. Which of the following generally cannot be estimated in a case-control
study?
a. Relative risk
b. Incidence rate
c. Prevalence of exposure in the source population
d. Odds ratio of disease
e. Odds ratio of exposure
there is likely no association because the risk of the exposed is equal to the risk of the unexposed -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅if RR = 1 what does this mean?
the risk in the exposed is greater than the unexposed so the relationship between the variables may be
causal (positive association) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅if RR > 1 what does this mean?
, Risk in exposed is less than risk in nonexposed (negative association; possibly protective) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅if RR < 1 what does this mean?
1. the ratio of the risks (incidence rate aka exposed/unexposed)
2. the difference in the risks (incidence rates aka exposed - unexposed) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅what
are the 2 ways excess risk can be calculated?
odds ratio - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The likelihood of a disease among individuals exposed to a risk factor
compared to those who have not been exposed (a/d/b/c)
absolute risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the incidence of disease in a population
relative risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The IR of a disease in a population exposed to a particular factor ÷
the IR of those not exposed
Attributable risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the proportion of disease caused by a certain risk factor (that
can be attributed to a specific exposure)
B - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer
are due to cigarette smoking. This measure is an example of:
a. An incidence rate
b. An attributable risk
c. A relative risk
d. A prevalence risk
e. A proportionate mortality ratio
questioning the attributable risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"how much of the risk of a disease can we
prevent if we are able to limit exposure to the agent in question" is an example of what type of
question?
the excess risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅what is attributable risk essentially?
