Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 – Cardiovascular
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is the equation for cardiac output? - CORRECT ANSWER - CO = HR x SV
What is preload? - CORRECT ANSWER - the heart is being stretched out
What does preload reflect? - CORRECT ANSWER - how much fluid is in the heart
What is afterload? - CORRECT ANSWER - resistance the ventricle must overcome to
eject blood
Example of increased preload - CORRECT ANSWER - CHF
Example of increased afterload - CORRECT ANSWER - hypertension
What is blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER - force of blood against vessel walls
What is systolic blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of pressure generated
by the left ventricle to distribute blood into the aorta with each CONTRACTION of the heart
What is diastolic blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of pressure against the
arterial walls during RELAXATION of the heart
What is the equation for MAP? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2(diastolic) + systolic / 3
, What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? - CORRECT
ANSWER - no less than 60
What is another name for orthostatic changes? - CORRECT ANSWER - postural
hypotension
A decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic pressure with an
increase in heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER - orthostatic change
How do you measure orthostatic changes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Check blood pressure
in the following order: after laying supine for 3 minutes, after sitting for 1 minute and standing
**Keep cuff in same place**
What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic changes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - fall
Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? - CORRECT ANSWER - prolonged bed rest,
medications, dehydration, volume depletion, autonomic nervous system disorders
Cardiovascular assessment - CORRECT ANSWER - general apperance, skin, weight,
edema, extremities, blood pressure
Markers of myocardial damage - CORRECT ANSWER - troponin, creatinine kinase,
CKMB, myoglobin, serum lipids, homocystine levels
Normal lipid levels - CORRECT ANSWER - Total cholesterol <200mg/dL, LDL (Cardiac
pt) <70/dL, LDL (Non-Cardiac pt) <130/, HDL >40mg/dL, Triglycerides <150mg/dL
Cardiac Diagnostic Tests - CORRECT ANSWER - ECG, Echocardiogram, Cardiac
Catherization
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is the equation for cardiac output? - CORRECT ANSWER - CO = HR x SV
What is preload? - CORRECT ANSWER - the heart is being stretched out
What does preload reflect? - CORRECT ANSWER - how much fluid is in the heart
What is afterload? - CORRECT ANSWER - resistance the ventricle must overcome to
eject blood
Example of increased preload - CORRECT ANSWER - CHF
Example of increased afterload - CORRECT ANSWER - hypertension
What is blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER - force of blood against vessel walls
What is systolic blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of pressure generated
by the left ventricle to distribute blood into the aorta with each CONTRACTION of the heart
What is diastolic blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of pressure against the
arterial walls during RELAXATION of the heart
What is the equation for MAP? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2(diastolic) + systolic / 3
, What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? - CORRECT
ANSWER - no less than 60
What is another name for orthostatic changes? - CORRECT ANSWER - postural
hypotension
A decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic pressure with an
increase in heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER - orthostatic change
How do you measure orthostatic changes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Check blood pressure
in the following order: after laying supine for 3 minutes, after sitting for 1 minute and standing
**Keep cuff in same place**
What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic changes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - fall
Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? - CORRECT ANSWER - prolonged bed rest,
medications, dehydration, volume depletion, autonomic nervous system disorders
Cardiovascular assessment - CORRECT ANSWER - general apperance, skin, weight,
edema, extremities, blood pressure
Markers of myocardial damage - CORRECT ANSWER - troponin, creatinine kinase,
CKMB, myoglobin, serum lipids, homocystine levels
Normal lipid levels - CORRECT ANSWER - Total cholesterol <200mg/dL, LDL (Cardiac
pt) <70/dL, LDL (Non-Cardiac pt) <130/, HDL >40mg/dL, Triglycerides <150mg/dL
Cardiac Diagnostic Tests - CORRECT ANSWER - ECG, Echocardiogram, Cardiac
Catherization
