, An Introduction to
Community&
bg bg
b
g bg
Public Health bgbg
NINTH EDITION
bg
James F. McKenzie, PhD, MPH, MCHES
bg bg bg bg bg
ProfessorbgEmeritusbg
BallbgStatebgUniversity
Robert R.Pinger,PhD bg b
g b
g
ProfessorbgEmeritusbg
BallbgStatebgUniversity
Denise M. Seabert, PhD, MCHES
bg bg bg bg
ProfessorbgandbgAssociatebgDeanbg
BallbgStatebgUniversity
,WorldbgHeadquartersb g Jo
nesbg&bgBartlettbgLearning
b g 5bgWallbgStreet
Burlington,bgMAbg0h80
3b g 978-443-5000
g www.jblearning.com
Jonesb g &b g Bartlettb g Learningb g booksb g andb g productsb g areb g availableb g tflrougflb g mostb g bookstoresb g andb g onlineb g booksellers.b g Tob g contactb g Jonesb g &b
g Bartlettb g Learningb g directly,bgcallbg800-832-0034,bgfaxbg978-443-8000,bgorbgvisitbgourbgwebsite,bgwww.jblearning.com.
Substantialb g discountsb g onb g bulkb g quantitiesb g ofb g Jonesb g &b g Bartlettb g Learningb g publicationsb g areb g availableb g tob g corporations,b g professionalb
g associations,b g andb g otflerb g qualifiedb g organizations.b g Forb g detailsb g andb g specificb g discountb g information,b g contactb g tfleb g specialb g salesb g departme
ntb g atb g Jonesb g &b g Bartlettb g Learningb g viab g .
Copyrigfltbg©bg20h8bgbybgJonesbg&bgBartlettbgLearning,bgLLC,bganbgAscendbgLearningbgCompany
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b g activitiesb g representedb g inb g tfleb g images.b g Anyb g screensflotsb g inb g tflisb g productb g areb g forb g educationalb g andb g instructiveb g purposesb g only.b g Anyb g in
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ructionalb g purposesb g only.
Thisb g publicationb g isb g designedb g tob g provideb g accurateb g andb g autfloritativeb g informationb g inb g regardb g tob g tfleb g Subjectb g Matterb g covered.b g Itb g isb g so
ldb g witflb g tfleb g understandingb g tflatbg tfleb g publisflerb g isb g notb g engagedb g inb g renderingb g legal,b g accounting,b g orb g otflerb g professionalb g service.b g Ifb g lega
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b g fublisfler:bgCatflybgL.bgEsperti b g CoverbgDesign:bgKristinbgE.bgfarker
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Title:bgAnbgintroductionbgtobgcommunitybg&bgpublicbgflealtflbg/bgJamesbgF.bgMcKenzie,bgRobertbgR.bgfinger,bgDenisebg
M.bgSeabert.b g Otflerbgtitles:bgIntroductionbgtobgcommunitybgandbgpublicbgflealtfl
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gindex.b g Identifiers:bgLCCNbg20h6037285bg|bgISBNbg978h284h084h5
Subjects:b g |b g MESK:b g Communityb g Kealtflb g Servicesb g |b g Deliveryb g ofb g Kealtflb g Careb g |b g fublicb g Kealtflb g fracticeb g |b g Epidemiologicb g Factorsb g |b g Uni
tedb g Statesb g Classification:bgLCCbgRA445bg|bgNLMbgWAbg546bgAAhbg|bgDDCbg362.h–dc23
LCbgrecordbgavailablebgatbgflttps://lccn.loc.gov/20h6037285
b g 6048
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20b g b g h9b g b g h8b g b g h7b g b g h6 h0b g b g 9b g b g 8b g b g 7b g b g 6b g b g 5b g b g 4b g b g 3b g b g 2b g b g h
, CONTENTS
Preface xii
Acknowledgments xvi
UNITbgONE
FOUNDATIONSb g OFb g COMMUNITYb g ANDb g PUBLICb g HEALTH 1
CHAPTERbg1
COMMUNITYbgANDbgPUBLICbgHEALTH:bgYESTERDAY,bgTODAY,b
gANDbgTOMORROW 2
Scenario 3
Introduction 3
Definitions 3
FactorsbgThatbgAffectbgthebgHealthbgofbgabgCommunity 6
Abg Historybg ofbg Communitybg andbg Publicbg Health 9
EarliestbgCivilizations 10
Theb g Eighteenthb g Centur 11
y
Theb g Nineteenthb g Centur 11
y
ThebgTwentiethbgCentury 12
Theb g Twenty-Firstb g Century 19
ChapterbgSummary 26
Scenario:bgAnalysisbgandbgResponse 27
CHAPTERbg2
O
RGANIZATIONSbgTHATbgHELPbgSHAPEbgCOMMUNITYbgANDbgPU
BLICbgHEALTH 31
Scenario 32
Introduction 32
GovernmentalbgHealthbgAgencies 32
Internationalbg HealthbgAgencies 33
Nationalbg Healthbg Agencies 35
StatebgHealthbgAgencies 44
Localbg Healthbg Departments 46
WholebgSchool,bgWholebgCommunity,bgWholebgChildbg(WSCC)bgModel 47
Quasi-Governmentalbg Healthbg Organizations 47
ThebgAmericanbgRedbgCross 48
Otherb g Quasi-Governmental b g Organizations 49
Nongovernmentalbg Healthbg Agencies 49
Voluntaryb g Healthb g Agencies 49
Professionalb g Healthb g Organizations/Associations 50
Philanthropic bg Foundations 52
Service,b g Social,b g andb g Religiousb g Organizations 52
CorporatebgInvolvementbginbgCommunitybgandbgPublicbgHealth 53
ChapterbgSummary 53
Community&
bg bg
b
g bg
Public Health bgbg
NINTH EDITION
bg
James F. McKenzie, PhD, MPH, MCHES
bg bg bg bg bg
ProfessorbgEmeritusbg
BallbgStatebgUniversity
Robert R.Pinger,PhD bg b
g b
g
ProfessorbgEmeritusbg
BallbgStatebgUniversity
Denise M. Seabert, PhD, MCHES
bg bg bg bg
ProfessorbgandbgAssociatebgDeanbg
BallbgStatebgUniversity
,WorldbgHeadquartersb g Jo
nesbg&bgBartlettbgLearning
b g 5bgWallbgStreet
Burlington,bgMAbg0h80
3b g 978-443-5000
g www.jblearning.com
Jonesb g &b g Bartlettb g Learningb g booksb g andb g productsb g areb g availableb g tflrougflb g mostb g bookstoresb g andb g onlineb g booksellers.b g Tob g contactb g Jonesb g &b
g Bartlettb g Learningb g directly,bgcallbg800-832-0034,bgfaxbg978-443-8000,bgorbgvisitbgourbgwebsite,bgwww.jblearning.com.
Substantialb g discountsb g onb g bulkb g quantitiesb g ofb g Jonesb g &b g Bartlettb g Learningb g publicationsb g areb g availableb g tob g corporations,b g professionalb
g associations,b g andb g otflerb g qualifiedb g organizations.b g Forb g detailsb g andb g specificb g discountb g information,b g contactb g tfleb g specialb g salesb g departme
ntb g atb g Jonesb g &b g Bartlettb g Learningb g viab g .
Copyrigfltbg©bg20h8bgbybgJonesbg&bgBartlettbgLearning,bgLLC,bganbgAscendbgLearningbgCompany
Allbgrigfltsbgreserved.bgNobgpartbgofbgtflebgmaterialbgprotectedbgbybgtflisbgcopyrigfltbgmaybgbebgreproducedbgorbgutilizedbginbganybgform,bgelectronicbgorb
gmecflanical,b g includingb g pflotocopying,b g recording,b g orb g byb g anyb g informationb g storageb g andb g retrievalb g system,b g witfloutb g writtenb g permiss
ionb g fromb g tfleb g copyrigfltb g owner.
Thebgcontent,bgstatements,bgviews,bgandbgopinionsbgflereinbgarebgtflebgsolebgexpressionbgofbgtflebgrespectivebgautflorsbgandbgnotbgtflatbgofbgJonesbg&bgBartlettbg
Learning,bgLLC.b g Referencebgflereinbgtobganybgspecificbgcommercialbgproduct,bgprocess,bgorbgservicebgbybgtradebgname,bgtrademark,bgmanufacturer,bgo
rbgotflerwisebgdoesbgnotbgconstitutebgorbgimplybgitsbgendorsementbgorbgrecommendationbgbybgJonesbg&bgBartlettbgLearning,bgLLC,bgandbgsucflbgreferenc
ebgsflallbgnotbgbebgusedbgforbgadvertisingbgorbgproductbgendorsementbgpurposes.bgAllbgtrademarksbgdisplayedbgarebgtflebgtrademarksbgofbgtflebgpartiesbgn
otedbgflerein.bgAnbgIntroductionbgtobgCommunitybgGbgPublicbgHealth,bgNinthbgEditionbgisbganbgindependentbgpublicationbgandbgflasbgnotbgbeenbgautflor
ized,bgsponsored,bgorbgotflerwisebgapprovedbgbybgtflebgownersbgofbgtflebgtrademarksbgorbgservicebgmarksbgreferencedbginbgtflisbgproduct.
Thereb g mayb g beb g imagesb g inb g tflisb g bookb g tflatb g featureb g models;b g tfleseb g modelsb g dob g notb g necessarilyb g endorse,b g represent,b g orb g participateb g inb g tfle
b g activitiesb g representedb g inb g tfleb g images.b g Anyb g screensflotsb g inb g tflisb g productb g areb g forb g educationalb g andb g instructiveb g purposesb g only.b g Anyb g in
dividualsb g andb g scenariosb g featuredb g inb g tfleb g caseb g studiesb g tflrougfloutb g tflisb g productb g mayb g beb g realb g orb g fictitious,b g butb g areb g usedb g forb g inst
ructionalb g purposesb g only.
Thisb g publicationb g isb g designedb g tob g provideb g accurateb g andb g autfloritativeb g informationb g inb g regardb g tob g tfleb g Subjectb g Matterb g covered.b g Itb g isb g so
ldb g witflb g tfleb g understandingb g tflatbg tfleb g publisflerb g isb g notb g engagedb g inb g renderingb g legal,b g accounting,b g orb g otflerb g professionalb g service.b g Ifb g lega
lb g adviceb g orb g otflerb g expertb g assistanceb g isbgrequired,bgtflebgservicebgofbgabgcompetentbgprofessionalbgpersonbgsflouldbgbebgsougflt.
h0849-h
ProductionbgCredits
Vf,bgExecutivebgfublisfler:bgDavidbgD.bgCella Composition:bgIntegrabgSoftwarebgServicesbgfvt.bgLtd.
b g fublisfler:bgCatflybgL.bgEsperti b g CoverbgDesign:bgKristinbgE.bgfarker
EditorialbgAssistant:bgCarterbgMcAlisterb g D Rigfltsbg&bgMediabgSpecialist:bgJameybgO’Quin
irectorbgofbgfroduction:bgJennybgL.bgCorrivea nb g MediabgDevelopmentbgEditor:bgTroybgListo
ub g AssociatebgfroductionbgEditor:bgAlexbgSc nb g frintingbgandbgBinding:bgRRbgDonnelley
flabb g DirectorbgofbgMarketing:bgAndreabgDe Coverb g frinting:b g RRb g Donnelley
Fronzo
Vf,b g Manufacturingb g andb g Inventoryb g Control:b g Thereseb g C
onnell
Libraryb g ofb g Congressb g Cataloging-in-Publicationb g Data
Names:bgMcKenzie,bgJamesbgF.,bgh948-bgautflor.bg|bgfinger,bgR.bgR.,bgautflor.bg|bgSeabert,bgDenisebgM.,bgautflor.
Title:bgAnbgintroductionbgtobgcommunitybg&bgpublicbgflealtflbg/bgJamesbgF.bgMcKenzie,bgRobertbgR.bgfinger,bgDenisebg
M.bgSeabert.b g Otflerbgtitles:bgIntroductionbgtobgcommunitybgandbgpublicbgflealtfl
Description:bgNintflbgedition.bg|bgBurlington,bgMassacflusettsbg:bgJonesbg&bgBartlettbgLearning,bg[20h7]bg|bgIncludesbgbibliograpflicalbgreferencesbgandb
gindex.b g Identifiers:bgLCCNbg20h6037285bg|bgISBNbg978h284h084h5
Subjects:b g |b g MESK:b g Communityb g Kealtflb g Servicesb g |b g Deliveryb g ofb g Kealtflb g Careb g |b g fublicb g Kealtflb g fracticeb g |b g Epidemiologicb g Factorsb g |b g Uni
tedb g Statesb g Classification:bgLCCbgRA445bg|bgNLMbgWAbg546bgAAhbg|bgDDCbg362.h–dc23
LCbgrecordbgavailablebgatbgflttps://lccn.loc.gov/20h6037285
b g 6048
frintedb g inb g tfleb g Unitedb g Statesb g ofb g America
20b g b g h9b g b g h8b g b g h7b g b g h6 h0b g b g 9b g b g 8b g b g 7b g b g 6b g b g 5b g b g 4b g b g 3b g b g 2b g b g h
, CONTENTS
Preface xii
Acknowledgments xvi
UNITbgONE
FOUNDATIONSb g OFb g COMMUNITYb g ANDb g PUBLICb g HEALTH 1
CHAPTERbg1
COMMUNITYbgANDbgPUBLICbgHEALTH:bgYESTERDAY,bgTODAY,b
gANDbgTOMORROW 2
Scenario 3
Introduction 3
Definitions 3
FactorsbgThatbgAffectbgthebgHealthbgofbgabgCommunity 6
Abg Historybg ofbg Communitybg andbg Publicbg Health 9
EarliestbgCivilizations 10
Theb g Eighteenthb g Centur 11
y
Theb g Nineteenthb g Centur 11
y
ThebgTwentiethbgCentury 12
Theb g Twenty-Firstb g Century 19
ChapterbgSummary 26
Scenario:bgAnalysisbgandbgResponse 27
CHAPTERbg2
O
RGANIZATIONSbgTHATbgHELPbgSHAPEbgCOMMUNITYbgANDbgPU
BLICbgHEALTH 31
Scenario 32
Introduction 32
GovernmentalbgHealthbgAgencies 32
Internationalbg HealthbgAgencies 33
Nationalbg Healthbg Agencies 35
StatebgHealthbgAgencies 44
Localbg Healthbg Departments 46
WholebgSchool,bgWholebgCommunity,bgWholebgChildbg(WSCC)bgModel 47
Quasi-Governmentalbg Healthbg Organizations 47
ThebgAmericanbgRedbgCross 48
Otherb g Quasi-Governmental b g Organizations 49
Nongovernmentalbg Healthbg Agencies 49
Voluntaryb g Healthb g Agencies 49
Professionalb g Healthb g Organizations/Associations 50
Philanthropic bg Foundations 52
Service,b g Social,b g andb g Religiousb g Organizations 52
CorporatebgInvolvementbginbgCommunitybgandbgPublicbgHealth 53
ChapterbgSummary 53
