TNCC study guide
questions and answers
2025\2026 update
What roles are vital to a trauma team - ANS>>The patient
Team leader-organize team/empower members
core team-technical skills- airway/vascular access
contingency and support survices- RT
Characterisitcs of an effective team - ANS>>dynamic
interdependent
adaptive
common goal
COMMUNICATION
COOPERATION
COORDINATION
Kinematics - ANS>>study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or potential injuries
Biomechanics - ANS>>general study of forces and their effects
mechanism of injury - ANS>>how external energy forces in the environment are transferred to the body
Newtons 3 laws - ANS>>1. an object in motion will stay in motion
2. force = mass x acceleration
3. for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
,5 forms of energy that exist - ANS>>1. Mechanical- energy transfer from one object to another in form o
motion
2. thermal-heat transfer from environment to host
3. chemical- heat energy trnsfer from active chemical substances such as chlorine, drain cleaner, acids
4. electrical- energy transfer from light socket
5. radiant- energy transfer from blast sound waves, nuclear, rays from the sn
eternal forces in trauma - ANS>>1. deceleartion- falls and collison = sudden stop
2. acceleration- sudden onset of motion- hit by a car
3. compression- hit stationary objects; bullets; blast forces
internal forces of energy in trauma - ANS>>stress- internal force that resists external force
solid organs good at pressure wave energy
air organs better at shear forces
4 main types of traumatic injury - ANS>>1. blunt trauma- falls; mvc; trauma
2. penetrating- stabing; GSW
3. Thermal
4. Blast Trauma- bomb
deceleration vs acceleration forces - ANS>>-Deceleration: injury that occurs as pt slows down
acceleration injury: injury that occurs as a result of other parts of the body stopping before the organs d
(concussion; shearing of aorta)
environment and pathophysiology when MOI is a fal - ANS>>-point of impact on the body
-type of surface that is hit
-tissues ability to resist injury (bone is less flexible)
-pt pushed = more acceleration
3 impacts in a MVC - ANS>>1. vehicle hits another object: occupant = acceleration
, 2. occupant collides with interior of vehicle: internal organs continue
3. internal structure collide with body
5 mechanisms of injury in a blast trauma - ANS>>Primary: blast injury; air-filled organs at risk to rupture
secondary: fragment injuries; puncture wounds; lacerations
tertiary: impacts with larger objectes propelled by the blast win causing blunt trauma
quaternary: heat/flame/gas and smoke
quinary: exposure to hazardous materials (radioactive)
Haddon Matrix in prevention and reduction of injury - ANS>>places emphasis on countermeasures a
preventing injury more than changing human behvior such as airbags, vehicle design and road blueprint
why is there repeated emphasis on assessment for hemorrhage through the initial emphasis
ANS>>uncontrolled hemorrhage is teh majore causae of preventable death after injury
Which tool can be used to rapidly assess the level of consciousness during the A - Airway and Alertnes
step?
Why is it important to determine alertness along with airway? What are the components of this tool?
ANS>>A- alert
*any below here may have compromised airway
V- verbal stimuli
P-painful stimuli
U- unresponsive
Which method of opening the airway is recommended for use in trauma? - ANS>>Jaw thrust maneuver w
one provider stabilizing c-spine
Assessment of airway - ANS>>Insect for tongue obstruction; loose/missing teeth;
foreign objects;
blood, vomit, secretion;
questions and answers
2025\2026 update
What roles are vital to a trauma team - ANS>>The patient
Team leader-organize team/empower members
core team-technical skills- airway/vascular access
contingency and support survices- RT
Characterisitcs of an effective team - ANS>>dynamic
interdependent
adaptive
common goal
COMMUNICATION
COOPERATION
COORDINATION
Kinematics - ANS>>study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or potential injuries
Biomechanics - ANS>>general study of forces and their effects
mechanism of injury - ANS>>how external energy forces in the environment are transferred to the body
Newtons 3 laws - ANS>>1. an object in motion will stay in motion
2. force = mass x acceleration
3. for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
,5 forms of energy that exist - ANS>>1. Mechanical- energy transfer from one object to another in form o
motion
2. thermal-heat transfer from environment to host
3. chemical- heat energy trnsfer from active chemical substances such as chlorine, drain cleaner, acids
4. electrical- energy transfer from light socket
5. radiant- energy transfer from blast sound waves, nuclear, rays from the sn
eternal forces in trauma - ANS>>1. deceleartion- falls and collison = sudden stop
2. acceleration- sudden onset of motion- hit by a car
3. compression- hit stationary objects; bullets; blast forces
internal forces of energy in trauma - ANS>>stress- internal force that resists external force
solid organs good at pressure wave energy
air organs better at shear forces
4 main types of traumatic injury - ANS>>1. blunt trauma- falls; mvc; trauma
2. penetrating- stabing; GSW
3. Thermal
4. Blast Trauma- bomb
deceleration vs acceleration forces - ANS>>-Deceleration: injury that occurs as pt slows down
acceleration injury: injury that occurs as a result of other parts of the body stopping before the organs d
(concussion; shearing of aorta)
environment and pathophysiology when MOI is a fal - ANS>>-point of impact on the body
-type of surface that is hit
-tissues ability to resist injury (bone is less flexible)
-pt pushed = more acceleration
3 impacts in a MVC - ANS>>1. vehicle hits another object: occupant = acceleration
, 2. occupant collides with interior of vehicle: internal organs continue
3. internal structure collide with body
5 mechanisms of injury in a blast trauma - ANS>>Primary: blast injury; air-filled organs at risk to rupture
secondary: fragment injuries; puncture wounds; lacerations
tertiary: impacts with larger objectes propelled by the blast win causing blunt trauma
quaternary: heat/flame/gas and smoke
quinary: exposure to hazardous materials (radioactive)
Haddon Matrix in prevention and reduction of injury - ANS>>places emphasis on countermeasures a
preventing injury more than changing human behvior such as airbags, vehicle design and road blueprint
why is there repeated emphasis on assessment for hemorrhage through the initial emphasis
ANS>>uncontrolled hemorrhage is teh majore causae of preventable death after injury
Which tool can be used to rapidly assess the level of consciousness during the A - Airway and Alertnes
step?
Why is it important to determine alertness along with airway? What are the components of this tool?
ANS>>A- alert
*any below here may have compromised airway
V- verbal stimuli
P-painful stimuli
U- unresponsive
Which method of opening the airway is recommended for use in trauma? - ANS>>Jaw thrust maneuver w
one provider stabilizing c-spine
Assessment of airway - ANS>>Insect for tongue obstruction; loose/missing teeth;
foreign objects;
blood, vomit, secretion;
