Test Bank for Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition by Brian Walsh, ISBN: 9780323793094, All 42 Chapters Covered with Answers and Rationales

TEST BANK nn




NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC
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RESPIRATORY CARE
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5th Edition, Walsh
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TEST BANK n n

,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the
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Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE nn




1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the
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nn formation of a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D nn


The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17
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weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of
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vascular channels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network
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around the air passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and
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extends to week 16 of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the
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conducting airway system develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular
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stage of development, which takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is
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characterized by the development of sacs that later become alveoli. During the saccular
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phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas- exchanging surface area occurs. The
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distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar stage is arbitrary. The alveolar
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stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is represented by the
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establishment of alveoli.
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REF: pp. nn n n 3-5

2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that
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will be present in the lungs for life develop?
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a. 6 months nn


b. 1 year nn


c. 1.5 years nn


d. 2 years nn




ANS: C nn


Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of
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life. At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After
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2 years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication
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ends, the alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 nn nn




3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to
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nn tracheal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
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, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A nn


The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors
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in development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia
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or stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized
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by an abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or
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alveoli, can develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the
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canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because
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the inadequately developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant
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production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known
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as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
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REF: nn nn p. 6 nn




4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association
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between oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
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I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism nn nn



II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall nn nn nn nn nn


III. Interference with fetal breathing nn nn nn



IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid nn nn nn nn nn


a. I and III only
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b. II and III only
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c. I, II, and IV only
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d. II, III, and IV only
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ANS: D nn


Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of
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time, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The
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mechanisms by which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear.
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Possible explanations for reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical
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restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal
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lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observations possibly point to a common
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denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
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REF: pp. 6-7 nn nn




5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension
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c. To maintain lung elasticity
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d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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