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Solution Manual for Applied Partial Differential Equations with Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems, 5th Edition (Haberman, 2012), Chapter 1-14 | All Chapters

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Solution Manual for Applied Partial Differential Equations with Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems, 5th Edition (Haberman, 2012), Chapter 1-14 | All Chapters

Institution
Applied Partial Differential Equations, 5th Ed
Course
Applied Partial Differential Equations, 5th Ed

Content preview

Chapter 1. Heat Equation
Section 1.2
1.2.9 (d) Circular cross section means that P = 2πr, A = πr2, and thus P/A = 2/r, where r is the radius.
Also γ = 0.
1.2.9 (e) u(x, t) = u(t) implies that
du 2h
cρ =— u.
dt r
The solution of this first-order linear differential equation with constant coefficients, which satisfies the
initial condition u(0) = u0, is
· 2h ¸
u(t) = u0 exp — t .
cρr

Section 1.3
1.3.2 ∂u/∂x is continuous if K0(x0—) = K0(x0+), that is, if the conductivity is continuous.

Section 1.4
1.4.1 (a) Equilibrium satisfies (1.4.14), d2u/dx2 = 0, whose general solution is (1.4.17), u = c1 + c2x. The
boundary condition u(0) = 0 implies c1 = 0 and u(L) = T implies c2 = T /L so that u = T x/L.
1.4.1 (d) Equilibrium satisfies (1.4.14), d2u/dx2 = 0, whose general solution (1.4.17), u = c1 + c2x. From
the boundary conditions, u(0) = T yields T = c1 and du/dx(L) = α yields α = c2. Thus u = T + αx.
1.4.1 (f) In equilibrium, (1.2.9) becomes d2u/dx2 = —Q/K0 = —x2 , whose general solution (by integrating
twice) is u = —x4/12 + c1 + c2x. The boundary condition u(0) = T yields c1 = T , while du/dx(L) = 0
yields c2 = L3/3. Thus u = —x4/12 + L3x/3 + T .
1.4.1 (h) Equilibrium satisfies d2u/dx2 = 0. One integration yields du/dx = c2, the second integration
yields the general solution u = c1 + c2x.
x = 0 : c2 — (c1 — T ) = 0
x = L : c2 = α and thus c1 = T + α.
Therefore, u = (T + α) + αx = T + α(x + 1).
1.4.7 (a) For equilibrium:
d2u x2 du
= —1 implies u = — + c1x + c2 and = —x + c1.
dx2 2 dx
From the boundary conditions dx du
(0) = 1 and dx
du
(L) = β, c1 = 1 and —L + c1 = β which is consistent
2
only if β + L = 1. If β = 1 — L, there is an equilibrium solution (u =— 2x + x + c2). If β /= 1— L,
there isn’t an equilibrium solution. The difficulty is caused by the heat flow being specified at both
ends and a source specified inside. An equilibrium will exist only if these three are in balance. This
balance can be mathematically verified from conservation of energy:
∫ ∫ L
d L du du
cρu dx = — (0) + (L) + Q0 dx = —1 + β + L.
dt 0 dx dx 0

If β + L = 1, then the total thermal energy is constant and the initial energy = the final energy:
∫L ∫ Lµ 2 ¶
x
f (x) dx = — + x + c2 dx, which determines c2.
0 0 2

If β + L = 1, then the total thermal energy is always changing in time and an equilibrium is never
reached.


1

, Section # y g 1.5
¡ ¢ #yg
1.5.9 # y g (a) # y g In # y g equilibrium, # y g (1.5.14) # y g using # y g (1.5.19) # y g becomes # y g #yg d
#yg # y g rdu#yg = # y g 0.
dr dr
# y g Integrating # y g once # y g yields # y g rdu/dr # y g = # y g c1
and #yg integrating # y g a # y g second # y g time # y g (after # y g dividing # y g by # y g r) # y g yields # y g u # y g = # y g c1 #ygln #ygr #yg+
#ygc2. # y g An # y g alternate # y g general # y g solution #ygis # y g u # y g = # y g c1 #ygln(r/r1) #yg+ #ygc 3. # y g The

# y g boundary # y g condition # y g u(r1) # y g = # y g T1 # y g yields # y g c3 # y g = # y g T1, # y g while # y g u(r2) # y g = # y g T2
ln(r2/r1)
# y g yields #ygc1 # y g = # y g (T2 # y g — #yg T1)/ #ygln(r2/r1). # y g Thus, # y g u # y g = # y g
1
# y g # y g # y g # y g

#yg[(T2 # y g — #yg T1) #ygln #ygr/r1 # y g + #ygT1 #ygln(r2/r1)].



1.5.11 # y g For # y g equilibrium, # y g the # y g radial # y g flow # y g at # y g r # y g = # y g a, # y g 2πaβ, # y g must # y g equal # y g the # y g radial # y g flow
# y g at # y g r # y g = # y g b, # y g 2πb. # y g Thus # y g β # y g = # y g b/a.

¡ ¢ #yg
1.5.13 # y g From # y g exercise # y g 1.5.12, # y g in # y g equilibrium # y g d #yg # y g r2 #ygdu#yg = # y g 0. # y g Integrating # y g once
#yg

dr dr

#yg yields # y g r2du/dr # y g = # y g c1 # y g and # y g integrat-
ing #yga #yg second #yg time #yg (after #yg dividing #yg by #ygr2 #yg ) #yg yields #yg u #yg= #yg—c1/r #yg+ #ygc2. # y g The #yg boundary
and
#yg condition ¡ = #u(4)
# y g u(1) # ysg#yg y g 0 # y=
¢#ygg yields
#yg80 # y g 80 # y g = # y g —c1/4 #yg + #yg c2 # y g and # y g 0 # y g = # y g —c1 # y g + 1 #yg— .
1
#ygc 2. # y g Thus # y g c1 # y g = # y g c2 # y g = # y g 320/3 # y g or # y g u #y g = # y g
320 #yg
3 r




2

,Chapter 2. #yg # y g Method of #yg #yg Separation of #yg #yg Variables
Section # y g 2.3 ³ ´
2.3.1 # y g (a) # y g u(r, #ygt) #yg= #ygφ(r)h(t) # y gryields # y g dr
# y g φ#yg
dh
#yg= #yg
kh
# y g #yg #yg r #yg #yg . # y g Dividing # y g by
d dφ
kh # y g dt rφ #ygdr dr
dt
dh # y g
= #yg—λkh # y g and # y g 1 # y g d #yg ³dr ´ #yg
dt g yields #yg= #yg = #yg—λ # y g or
1 dh 1 d dφ
# y g kφh # y³ ´ #yg
#yg #yg
#yg #yg r #yg #yg
#y g
r# y g dr # y g

#yg r#yg #yg = #yg—λφ.
#yg
dr
2 2
d φ #yg
2.3.1 (c) #yg #yg u(x, #ygy) # y g = # 2yφg φ(x)h(y) # y g yields2 # y g h + #yg φd h # y g
= # y g 0. # y g #yg Dividing #yg by
# y g φh # y g yields # y g = # y g — #yg = # y g —λ # y g or
1 d # y g 1 #ygd h # y g
#yg
dx2 dy2 φ #ygdx2 h # y g dy2
d2φ
dx2
#yg
= #yg—λφdy 2 and
#yg
2
#yg
d h #yg
= #ygλh.
4
φ #yg
2.3.1 (e) #yg 4 = #ygφ(x)h(t) #ygyields #ygφ(x)#yg
u(x, #ygt) #yg dh
#yg = #ygkh(t)#yg
d
. # y g Dividing #ygby #ygkφh, #ygyields # y g #yg 1
1 d φ #yg
#yg = # y g #yg = #ygλ.
dh
#yg
dt dx4 kh #yg dt φ #ygdx4
2 2
φ #yg
2.3.1 (f) #yg u(x, #ygt) #yg= #ygφ(x)h(t) #ygyields d h #yg
dt2 #ygφ(x)#yg dx2
= #ygc2h(t)#ygd . # y g Dividing
c2h #ygby #yg
φ c φh, #ygyields
2
# y g
1
2 2
# y g
d h #yg
= # y g 1 #ygd φ # y g = #yg—λ. #yg dt2 #ygdx2



2.3.2 (b) # y g λ #yg= #yg(nπ/L)2 # y g
with #yg L #yg= #yg1 # y g so # y g that # y g λ #yg= #ygn2π2, # y g n #yg= #yg1, #yg2, #yg. #yg. #yg.
2.3.2 (d)
√ √
(i) If # y g λ # y g > # y g 0, #ygφ
= # y g c1 #ygcos #yg λx #yg+ #ygc2 #ygsin #yg λx. # y g φ(0)
# y g # y g = # y g 0 # y g implies

# y g c1 # y g = # y g 0, # y g while # y g

#yg(L) # y g = # y g 0 # y g implies

√ √ dx
c2 λ λL # y g = # y g 0. λL #yg= #yg—π/2 #yg+ #ygnπ(n #yg= #yg1, #yg2, #yg. #yg. #yg.).
#ygcos
# y g Thus


(ii) If #ygλ #yg= #yg0,#ygφ #yg= #ygc1 #yg+ #ygc2x. # y g φ(0) #yg= #yg0 #ygimplies #ygc1 #yg= #yg0 #ygand #ygdφ/dx(L) #yg= #yg0
#ygimplies #ygc 2 #yg= #yg0. # y g Therefore #ygλ #yg= #yg0 #ygis #ygnot #ygan #ygeigenvalue.
√ √
(iii) If λ #yg <0, #ygletλ = —s#ygand φ = c1 cosh #ygsx #cy2g + sx. # y gsinh
φ #yg c1 (0) #yg= #ygdφ/dx
0 #ygimplies
√ √
#ygL = #yg0 #ygand ( # y g ) #yg= #yg0 #ygimplies #ygc2 s#ygcosh #yg sL #yg= #yg0. # y g Thus #ygc2 #yg= #yg0
#ygand #yghence #ygthere #ygare #ygno #ygeigenvalues #yg with #ygλ #yg< #yg0.


2.3.2 (f) # y g The #ygsimpliest #ygmethod #ygis #ygto #yglet #ygx′ #yg= #ygx#yg—#yga. # y g Then #ygd2φ/dx′2 #yg+#ygλφ #yg= #yg0
#ygwith #ygφ(0) #yg= #yg0 #ygand #ygφ(b #yg— #yga) #yg= #yg0. #yg Thus #yg (from # y g p. # y g 46) #yg L #yg= #ygb #yg— #yga # y g and

#yg λ #yg= #yg[nπ/(b #yg— #yga)] #yg, # y g n #yg= #yg1, #yg2, #yg. #yg. #yg..
2

Σ ∞ 2
2.3.3 From #yg(2.3.30), #ygu(x,#ygt) #yg= #yg n =1 #ygBn #ygsin #ygnπx#yge—k(nπ/L) t. # y g The #yg initial #yg condition #yg yields
Σ∞ # y g # y g L ∫ #ygL #yg
2 #ygcosL#yg3πx #yg= #yg
n=1 n L
B # y g sin #ygnπx#yg. n# yg From L 0
#yg (2.3.35), #ygB # y g = #yg #yg
L L
2
2 #ygcos #yg3πx #ygsin #yg




nπx
#yg #yg dx.
∫ #ygL #yg Σ∞
e—k( )
#yg #yg
2.3.4 (a) # y g Total # y g heat # y g energy # y g = # y g
#yg nπ # y g =
cρuA # y g dx #yg cρA #yg B #yg
# y
# y g t #yg1—cos #ygnπ #yg
, # y g using # y g (2.3.30) # y g where # y g B g 2
n L nπ n
0 n=1 # y g # y g
L
satisfies # y g (2.3.35).
2.3.4 # y g (b)
heat # y g flux # y g to # y g right # y g = #yg —K0∂u/∂x
total # y g heat # y g flow # y g to # y g right #¯ y g = # y g —K0A∂u/∂x
heat # y g flow # y g out # y g at # y g x #yg∂x= #yg ¯x=00 #yg = # y g K0A∂u#yg¯
# y g¯
heat #yg flow x = L) —K0A ∂u
# yg out # y g ( #yg=
∂x
# y g x=L ∫ #ygL #yg ¯L # y g
2.3.4 # y g (c) # y g From #ygconservation #ygof #ygthermal #ygenergy, ∂x
# y¯g
d
#yg u #ygdx #yg= #ygk ∂u #yg = #ygk∫∂u# y g t # yg ·#yg
dt # y g # y g 0 # y g
0 ∂u
t #y g = ∂#yg
u 0 # y g yields u(x, #yg0) #ygdx (L)
#yg(L) #yg— #ygk #yg(0). #yg Integrating #yg from
∫ #ygL ∫ #yg ∂x #yg
` #yg=
L
˛¸#ygk x ` ˛¸#yg—
x
u(x, #ygt) 3
# y g dx # y g —

, ∂ ¸
∂x ∂x
u (0) dx .
∂x
` 0
˛ ¸ x 0 0 ` ˛¸ # yx g
heat #yg e nergy initial integral integral
at #ygheat #ygof #ygof #ygflow

#ygt #ygenergy #ygflow #ygout #ygat

#ygin #ygat #ygx #yg=

#ygx #yg= #ygL

#ygL


2 √#yg
2.3.8 # y g (a) # y g The #yggeneral #ygsolution dx2 #yg of #ygk
d u #yg
= #ygαu #yg(α #yg> #ygk 0) # yg is # y g u(x)k #yg= #yga #ygcosh #yg α x #yg+
√#ygα
#ygb #ygsinh #yg x. # y g The #yg boundary
condition #ygu(0) #yg= #yg0 #ygyields #yga #yg= #yg0, #ygwhile #ygu(L) #yg= #yg0
#yg yields #ygb #yg= #yg0. # y g Thus #ygu #yg= #yg0.




4

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Applied Partial Differential Equations, 5th Ed

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