NYSTCE STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
CST [060] 2026 COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE GUARANTEEING 100% PASS
CSE team members Correct Answer parents, special educator,
general education teacher, related service providers, chair,
psychologist
IEP components Correct Answer 1) Identifying information
2) Child's Present Level of Performance
3) Annual goals
4) Objectives/Benchmarks (for a year)
5) Sped. services required
6) Amount of time in regular ed. program, services, related
services
7) Explanation of participation with non-disabled kids
8) Standardized testing
9)How progress will be measured
manifestation determination review Correct Answer meeting of
IEP team with administrators and parents to determine whether a
student's misbehavior is a manifestation of the student's disability,
,or whether it resulted from the school's failure to appropriately
implement the IEP - applies to recurring or extreme behavior
transition planning Correct Answer In special education, when the
focus is providing services and supports when students are
moving from one setting to the next (e.g., high school to post-
secondary, early childhood to kindergarten).
-goals for training, education, employment, independent living
homogeneous grouping Correct Answer An educational practice
in which students of similar abilities are placed within the same
instructional groups.
Heterogeneous Grouping Correct Answer An educational practice
in which students of diverse abilities are placed within the same
instructional groups.
reciprocal teaching Correct Answer students take turns playing
the role of the teacher and providing instruction to each other
positive behavior support Correct Answer A function-based
approach to eliminate challenging behaviors and replace them
with socially appropriate behaviors.
- Focus on positive behaviors
- Alter the ecology
,- Teach new skills
- Reinforce the absence of behavior
Modeling Correct Answer the process of observing and imitating a
specific behavior
positive reinforcement Correct Answer increasing behaviors by
presenting positive reinforcers. A positive reinforcer is any
stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the
response.
Chaining Correct Answer each step of a sequence must be
learned and must lead to the next until the final action is achieved
shaping behavior Correct Answer the process of guiding learning
in graduated steps using reinforcement or lack of reinforcement
Fading Correct Answer gradual removal of prompts
Parallel Teaching Correct Answer the teachers are both teaching
the same information, but they divide the class group and do so
simultaneously.
, Station Teaching Correct Answer teachers divide content and
students. Each teacher then teachers the content to one group
and subsequently repeats the instruction for the other group. If
appropriate, a third "station" could require that students work
independently.
phonemic awareness Correct Answer Awareness of the
component sounds within words.
phonics Correct Answer family of instructional methods designed
to teach children letter sound correspondences and help them
use these correspondences during process of decoding
choral reading Correct Answer reading aloud in unison with a
whole class or group of students. Choral reading helps build
students' fluency, self-confidence, and motivation.
comprehension monitoring Correct Answer process of keeping
track of one's understanding of the text
text structures Correct Answer The way that nonfiction text is set
up (i.e. chronological order, sequencing, compare and contrast,
problem and solution, cause and effect, description).
writing mechanics Correct Answer posture, location of paper,
pencil grip, letter formation
CST [060] 2026 COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE GUARANTEEING 100% PASS
CSE team members Correct Answer parents, special educator,
general education teacher, related service providers, chair,
psychologist
IEP components Correct Answer 1) Identifying information
2) Child's Present Level of Performance
3) Annual goals
4) Objectives/Benchmarks (for a year)
5) Sped. services required
6) Amount of time in regular ed. program, services, related
services
7) Explanation of participation with non-disabled kids
8) Standardized testing
9)How progress will be measured
manifestation determination review Correct Answer meeting of
IEP team with administrators and parents to determine whether a
student's misbehavior is a manifestation of the student's disability,
,or whether it resulted from the school's failure to appropriately
implement the IEP - applies to recurring or extreme behavior
transition planning Correct Answer In special education, when the
focus is providing services and supports when students are
moving from one setting to the next (e.g., high school to post-
secondary, early childhood to kindergarten).
-goals for training, education, employment, independent living
homogeneous grouping Correct Answer An educational practice
in which students of similar abilities are placed within the same
instructional groups.
Heterogeneous Grouping Correct Answer An educational practice
in which students of diverse abilities are placed within the same
instructional groups.
reciprocal teaching Correct Answer students take turns playing
the role of the teacher and providing instruction to each other
positive behavior support Correct Answer A function-based
approach to eliminate challenging behaviors and replace them
with socially appropriate behaviors.
- Focus on positive behaviors
- Alter the ecology
,- Teach new skills
- Reinforce the absence of behavior
Modeling Correct Answer the process of observing and imitating a
specific behavior
positive reinforcement Correct Answer increasing behaviors by
presenting positive reinforcers. A positive reinforcer is any
stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the
response.
Chaining Correct Answer each step of a sequence must be
learned and must lead to the next until the final action is achieved
shaping behavior Correct Answer the process of guiding learning
in graduated steps using reinforcement or lack of reinforcement
Fading Correct Answer gradual removal of prompts
Parallel Teaching Correct Answer the teachers are both teaching
the same information, but they divide the class group and do so
simultaneously.
, Station Teaching Correct Answer teachers divide content and
students. Each teacher then teachers the content to one group
and subsequently repeats the instruction for the other group. If
appropriate, a third "station" could require that students work
independently.
phonemic awareness Correct Answer Awareness of the
component sounds within words.
phonics Correct Answer family of instructional methods designed
to teach children letter sound correspondences and help them
use these correspondences during process of decoding
choral reading Correct Answer reading aloud in unison with a
whole class or group of students. Choral reading helps build
students' fluency, self-confidence, and motivation.
comprehension monitoring Correct Answer process of keeping
track of one's understanding of the text
text structures Correct Answer The way that nonfiction text is set
up (i.e. chronological order, sequencing, compare and contrast,
problem and solution, cause and effect, description).
writing mechanics Correct Answer posture, location of paper,
pencil grip, letter formation
