PHARMACOLOGY EXAM #4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following neurotransmitters are present in
both the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Select all that apply.
A. y-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B. Norepinephrine
C. Acetylcholine
D. Oxytocin - ANSWER ->B. Norepinephrine
and
C. Acetylcholine
Which are characteristics of drugs that can cross the
blood-brain barrier? (Select all that apply)
A. Lipid-soluble
B. Highly Ionized
C. Move via transport systems
D. Protein-bound
E. Water-soluble - ANSWER ->A. Lipid-soluble
and
C. Protein-bound
A patient who has been taking an opiate analgesic for
chronic pain due to terminal cancer needs higher doses
to produce the same pain relief as when originally
prescribed. This may be an example of what?
,A. Addiction
B. Physical Dependence
C. Tolerance
D. Withdrawal Syndrome - ANSWER ->C. Tolerance
True or False?
Activation of delta receptors is responsible for the
delusions and delirium that are seen with certain opioids.
- ANSWER ->False
True or False?
The respiratory depression, physical dependence, and
euphoria that occur with opioid analgesics are related to
activation of mu opioid receptors. - ANSWER ->True
True or False?
Buprenorphine has less constipation and sedative effects
than morphine. - ANSWER ->False
True or False?
An agonist-antagonist blocks pain when taken alone but
improves the pain-relieving effect of another opioid if in
the blood at the same time. - ANSWER ->False
True or False?
,The dose of oral morphine is higher than the intravenous
(IV) dose because the hepatic first pass metabolizes
some of the drug before it reaches the CNS. - ANSWER -
>True
The nurse is ambulated a postoperative patient in the
hall who is receiving an opioid analgesic for pain. The
patient complains of severe nausea. What is the priority
nursing action?
A. Administer the prescribed antiemetic
B. Assist the patient to sit down
C. Get an emesis basin
D. Walk the patient back to his room - ANSWER ->B.
Assist the patient to sit down
(Safety issue - fall risk with opioid analgesics. Do not keep
the patients in position of leave patients unattended in
position from which they could fall.)
A patient who has received morphine becomes slightly
disoriented. If this adverse effect is due to the morphine,
which intervention by the nurse might aid in reversing it?
A. Assist the patient to ambulate
B. Instruct the patient to change positions slowly
C. Instruct the patient to take slow, deep breaths
D. Keep the room well-lit - ANSWER ->C. Instruct the
patient to take slow, deep breaths
, (Morphine can cause respiratory depression. If it occurs,
patients should be aroused and instructed to take deep
breaths.)
A neonate is born to a known heroin addict. THe infant is
exhibiting symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Which of
these nursing issues is the highest priority as the nurse
cares for the neonate in the nursery?
A. Altered nutrition
B. Disturbed sleep
C. Fluid deficit
D. Parenting - ANSWER ->C. Fluid deficit
(Signs of withdrawal include excessive crying, sneezing,
tremor, hyperreflexia, fever, and diarrhea; fever and
diarrhea may result in hypovolemia.)
A patient who has overdosed on oxycodone is brought
into the emergency department unresponsive with
severely depressed respirations. The patient receives IV
naloxone HCl with an improvement in the level of
consciousness and respiratory rate and effort within
minutes. The nurse is scheduled to go to lunch in 15
minutes. What is the nursing priority that guides
information that must be communicated before the
nurse leaves for lunch?
A. Prevention of abstinence syndrome
Which of the following neurotransmitters are present in
both the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Select all that apply.
A. y-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B. Norepinephrine
C. Acetylcholine
D. Oxytocin - ANSWER ->B. Norepinephrine
and
C. Acetylcholine
Which are characteristics of drugs that can cross the
blood-brain barrier? (Select all that apply)
A. Lipid-soluble
B. Highly Ionized
C. Move via transport systems
D. Protein-bound
E. Water-soluble - ANSWER ->A. Lipid-soluble
and
C. Protein-bound
A patient who has been taking an opiate analgesic for
chronic pain due to terminal cancer needs higher doses
to produce the same pain relief as when originally
prescribed. This may be an example of what?
,A. Addiction
B. Physical Dependence
C. Tolerance
D. Withdrawal Syndrome - ANSWER ->C. Tolerance
True or False?
Activation of delta receptors is responsible for the
delusions and delirium that are seen with certain opioids.
- ANSWER ->False
True or False?
The respiratory depression, physical dependence, and
euphoria that occur with opioid analgesics are related to
activation of mu opioid receptors. - ANSWER ->True
True or False?
Buprenorphine has less constipation and sedative effects
than morphine. - ANSWER ->False
True or False?
An agonist-antagonist blocks pain when taken alone but
improves the pain-relieving effect of another opioid if in
the blood at the same time. - ANSWER ->False
True or False?
,The dose of oral morphine is higher than the intravenous
(IV) dose because the hepatic first pass metabolizes
some of the drug before it reaches the CNS. - ANSWER -
>True
The nurse is ambulated a postoperative patient in the
hall who is receiving an opioid analgesic for pain. The
patient complains of severe nausea. What is the priority
nursing action?
A. Administer the prescribed antiemetic
B. Assist the patient to sit down
C. Get an emesis basin
D. Walk the patient back to his room - ANSWER ->B.
Assist the patient to sit down
(Safety issue - fall risk with opioid analgesics. Do not keep
the patients in position of leave patients unattended in
position from which they could fall.)
A patient who has received morphine becomes slightly
disoriented. If this adverse effect is due to the morphine,
which intervention by the nurse might aid in reversing it?
A. Assist the patient to ambulate
B. Instruct the patient to change positions slowly
C. Instruct the patient to take slow, deep breaths
D. Keep the room well-lit - ANSWER ->C. Instruct the
patient to take slow, deep breaths
, (Morphine can cause respiratory depression. If it occurs,
patients should be aroused and instructed to take deep
breaths.)
A neonate is born to a known heroin addict. THe infant is
exhibiting symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Which of
these nursing issues is the highest priority as the nurse
cares for the neonate in the nursery?
A. Altered nutrition
B. Disturbed sleep
C. Fluid deficit
D. Parenting - ANSWER ->C. Fluid deficit
(Signs of withdrawal include excessive crying, sneezing,
tremor, hyperreflexia, fever, and diarrhea; fever and
diarrhea may result in hypovolemia.)
A patient who has overdosed on oxycodone is brought
into the emergency department unresponsive with
severely depressed respirations. The patient receives IV
naloxone HCl with an improvement in the level of
consciousness and respiratory rate and effort within
minutes. The nurse is scheduled to go to lunch in 15
minutes. What is the nursing priority that guides
information that must be communicated before the
nurse leaves for lunch?
A. Prevention of abstinence syndrome
