NR 605
NR605 Final Exam Study Guide Questions
with Verified Answers 2025-2026
cognitive-behavioral therapy -Correct Answers ✔--focus on how well individuals
can adapt cognitively and functionally to their environments
-short-term, structured, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy
-stresses necessity of challenging maladaptive thoughts that lead to behavioral
problems
-first emerged in 1955
-most widely practiced psychotherapy
-help clients recognize and address cognitive distortions
• by Albert Ellis, widely known as the grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy
-Beck
• originally trained in psychoanalysis, pioneered cognitive therapy in the 1960s,
through his research on depression
• also developed the popular Depression Inventory instrument
CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory -Correct Answers ✔--Orem's self-care deficit
nursing theory
• provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
• fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
• premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal
and external
• share underpinnings with CBT.
Indications for CBT -Correct Answers ✔--treatment of a wide range of diagnoses
• depression
• anxiety disorders
• substance use disorders
• eating disorders
• severe mental illness
NR 605
,NR 605
• PTSD
Principles of CBT include: -Correct Answers ✔--way an ind cognitively structures
thoughts about self & the world determines how the ind feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive behavior contribute to
psychological problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve symptoms & improve
quality of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework
Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT -Correct Answers ✔--using a structured,
collaborative approach to help clients recognize and reevaluate cognitive
distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
• develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
• to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the therapy session
motivational interviewing (MI) -Correct Answers ✔--helps individuals prepare for
change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to facilitate change
• addressing issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients with
substance use disorders in the 1980s
• collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational interviewing
Indications for MI -Correct Answers ✔--reduction of substance use and health
promotion
NR 605
,NR 605
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
MI Guiding Principles -Correct Answers ✔--acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
• Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
MI Role of the Psychotherapist -Correct Answers ✔-represented by the mnemonic
RULE:
Resist the righting reflex
Understand the patient's motivation
Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
OARS -Correct Answers ✔-Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
• cannot be answered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
• provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths or efforts
-Reflecting
• mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the client
• convey empathy, demonstrate listening, highlight emotions & beliefs, • provide
opportunities for the client to elaborate on their concerns
• empower clients to take control of the conversation
• recommended to use at least two reflections for every question
-Summarizing
• links together what has been stated to help the client organize their experiences
NR 605
, NR 605
MI Phases of the Change Process -Correct Answers ✔--engagement
• establishment of trust & a helping relationship between the therapist & client
• uses reflections that communicate understanding
-focusing
• identification of the direction or target of the change
• uses open-ended questions
-evoking
• identifying the client's motivation for change and evoking hope
• uses reflections and summaries
-planning
• creating a plan for change
acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) -Correct Answers ✔--helps individuals
accept life's challenges while focusing on their values and goals
• learning how to relate to thoughts & feelings which impact life rather than
changing those thoughts & feelings
-referred to as a "third wave" CBT therapy
-Accepting reactions and being present
-Choosing a valued direction
-Taking action
-Used for:
• depression, anxiety, substance use, chronic pain, transdiagnostic combinations of
conditions
solution-focused therapy (SFT) -Correct Answers ✔--future-oriented approach
-helps client ID problems & construct solutions that will result in change
-postmodern thinking
• reality is shaped by multiple and conflicting "truths" & constructed through
human interaction
NR 605
NR605 Final Exam Study Guide Questions
with Verified Answers 2025-2026
cognitive-behavioral therapy -Correct Answers ✔--focus on how well individuals
can adapt cognitively and functionally to their environments
-short-term, structured, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy
-stresses necessity of challenging maladaptive thoughts that lead to behavioral
problems
-first emerged in 1955
-most widely practiced psychotherapy
-help clients recognize and address cognitive distortions
• by Albert Ellis, widely known as the grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy
-Beck
• originally trained in psychoanalysis, pioneered cognitive therapy in the 1960s,
through his research on depression
• also developed the popular Depression Inventory instrument
CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory -Correct Answers ✔--Orem's self-care deficit
nursing theory
• provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
• fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
• premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal
and external
• share underpinnings with CBT.
Indications for CBT -Correct Answers ✔--treatment of a wide range of diagnoses
• depression
• anxiety disorders
• substance use disorders
• eating disorders
• severe mental illness
NR 605
,NR 605
• PTSD
Principles of CBT include: -Correct Answers ✔--way an ind cognitively structures
thoughts about self & the world determines how the ind feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive behavior contribute to
psychological problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve symptoms & improve
quality of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework
Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT -Correct Answers ✔--using a structured,
collaborative approach to help clients recognize and reevaluate cognitive
distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
• develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
• to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the therapy session
motivational interviewing (MI) -Correct Answers ✔--helps individuals prepare for
change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to facilitate change
• addressing issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients with
substance use disorders in the 1980s
• collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational interviewing
Indications for MI -Correct Answers ✔--reduction of substance use and health
promotion
NR 605
,NR 605
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
MI Guiding Principles -Correct Answers ✔--acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
• Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
MI Role of the Psychotherapist -Correct Answers ✔-represented by the mnemonic
RULE:
Resist the righting reflex
Understand the patient's motivation
Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
OARS -Correct Answers ✔-Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
• cannot be answered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
• provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths or efforts
-Reflecting
• mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the client
• convey empathy, demonstrate listening, highlight emotions & beliefs, • provide
opportunities for the client to elaborate on their concerns
• empower clients to take control of the conversation
• recommended to use at least two reflections for every question
-Summarizing
• links together what has been stated to help the client organize their experiences
NR 605
, NR 605
MI Phases of the Change Process -Correct Answers ✔--engagement
• establishment of trust & a helping relationship between the therapist & client
• uses reflections that communicate understanding
-focusing
• identification of the direction or target of the change
• uses open-ended questions
-evoking
• identifying the client's motivation for change and evoking hope
• uses reflections and summaries
-planning
• creating a plan for change
acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) -Correct Answers ✔--helps individuals
accept life's challenges while focusing on their values and goals
• learning how to relate to thoughts & feelings which impact life rather than
changing those thoughts & feelings
-referred to as a "third wave" CBT therapy
-Accepting reactions and being present
-Choosing a valued direction
-Taking action
-Used for:
• depression, anxiety, substance use, chronic pain, transdiagnostic combinations of
conditions
solution-focused therapy (SFT) -Correct Answers ✔--future-oriented approach
-helps client ID problems & construct solutions that will result in change
-postmodern thinking
• reality is shaped by multiple and conflicting "truths" & constructed through
human interaction
NR 605
