NUR 265 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is nephrotic syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition of increased
glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the
urine and then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER - -*Massive
proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - CORRECT ANSWER - -immunosuppressant
agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - CORRECT ANSWER - creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and
GFR reduced by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - CORRECT ANSWER - creatinine x2 & GFR
reduced by 50%
,Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - CORRECT ANSWER - creatinine x3 normal, &
GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased perfusion to
kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - CORRECT ANSWER - Tissue damage to the
actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - CORRECT ANSWER - Obstruction that occurs
after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
, How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER - 65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER - -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Watch for dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Low
protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER - -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
What is azotemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Nitrogenous waste build up
What are manifestations of uremia? - CORRECT ANSWER - •Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is nephrotic syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition of increased
glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the
urine and then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER - -*Massive
proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - CORRECT ANSWER - -immunosuppressant
agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - CORRECT ANSWER - creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and
GFR reduced by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - CORRECT ANSWER - creatinine x2 & GFR
reduced by 50%
,Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - CORRECT ANSWER - creatinine x3 normal, &
GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased perfusion to
kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - CORRECT ANSWER - Tissue damage to the
actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - CORRECT ANSWER - Obstruction that occurs
after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
, How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? - CORRECT ANSWER - 65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? - CORRECT ANSWER - -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Watch for dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Low
protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER - -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
What is azotemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Nitrogenous waste build up
What are manifestations of uremia? - CORRECT ANSWER - •Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
