NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1
(Latest Update) real Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Already Graded A+.
1. What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause?: Heart disease, Alzheimers, Par
A A A A A A A A A
kinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD, DM, isch
A A A A A A A A A A
emic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment D
A A A A A A A A A A
NA, less *protein synthesis*, chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria
A A A A A A A
2. What is the body's defense against ROS?: Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin
A A A A A A A A A A A
C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
A A A A A
3. How are free radicals produced?: 1. Normal cellular respiration
A A A A A A A A
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)
A A A A A A A
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides A A A A A A
4. Transition of metals A A
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical
A A A A A A A A A A
4. action potential: Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the neuron --
A A A A A A A A A A
> the neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes
A A A A A A
5. Threshold potential: Point at which depolarization must reach in order to i
A A A A A A A A A A A
nitiate an action potential
A A A
6. Hypokalemia and action potentials: HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. - A A A A A A A A
100). Less excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability: weakness, smooth mu
A A A A A A A A A
scle atony, paresthesia, cardiac dysrhythmias
A A A A
7. Hyperkalemia and action potentials: HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: A A A A A A A A
closer to 0). More excitable. Peaked T waves.
A A A A A A A
When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is BAD = cardiac standstill,
A A A A A A A A A A A
paresthesia, paralysis A
1A/A16
,.
8. Hypocalcemia and action potentials: Increased permeability to Na+. More A A A A A A A A A
excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia, seizures, dysrhythmias.
A A A A A A
9. Hypercalcemia and action potentials: Decreased permeability to Na+. A A A A A A A A
Less excitable. Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, encephal
A A A A A A A
opathy, depressed T waves A A A
10. Atrophy: Occurs as a result of decrease in work load, pressure, use, blood s
A A A A A A A A A A A A A
upply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the cell has de
A A A A A A A A A A A
creased in size, it has now compensated for decreased blood supply, nerve suppl
A A A A A A A A A A A A
y, nutrient supply, hormonal supply, and has achieved new homeostasis. Cells ar
A A A A A A A A A A A
e alive but have diminished function and may lead to cellular death.
A A A A A A A A A A A
11. Atrophy examples: Physiologic atrophy- A A A
shrinking of the thymus gland during childhood.
A A A A A A A
Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being paralyzed
A A A A A A A
12. Hypertrophy: Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase in size of o A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
rgan. Caused by hormonal stimulation or increased functional demand.
A A A A A A A A
13 Hypertrophy examples: physiologic hypertrophy-
A A A A
skeletal hypertrophy when a person does heavy work or weight lifting / when a kidn
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
ey is surgically removed, the other kidney increases in size
A A A A A A A A A
pathologic hypertrophy- A
Acardiomegaly results from an increased workload in hypertensive patients / *left ven
A A A A A A A A A A A
tricular hypertrophy* A
14. Hyperplasia: Increase in NUMBER of cells. Results from increased rate of A A A A A A A A A A A
mitosis. Can ONLY happen in cells that are capable of mitosis (cell division).
A A A A A A A A A A A A
15. Hyperplasia examples: 1. Thickening of skin because of hyperplasia of A A A A A A A A A A
epidermal cells. A
2. Hormonal hyperplasia- A
occurs in estrogen dependent organs like uterus and breast.
A A A A A A A A A
, 2A/A16
(Latest Update) real Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Already Graded A+.
1. What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause?: Heart disease, Alzheimers, Par
A A A A A A A A A
kinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD, DM, isch
A A A A A A A A A A
emic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment D
A A A A A A A A A A
NA, less *protein synthesis*, chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria
A A A A A A A
2. What is the body's defense against ROS?: Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin
A A A A A A A A A A A
C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
A A A A A
3. How are free radicals produced?: 1. Normal cellular respiration
A A A A A A A A
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)
A A A A A A A
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides A A A A A A
4. Transition of metals A A
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical
A A A A A A A A A A
4. action potential: Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the neuron --
A A A A A A A A A A
> the neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes
A A A A A A
5. Threshold potential: Point at which depolarization must reach in order to i
A A A A A A A A A A A
nitiate an action potential
A A A
6. Hypokalemia and action potentials: HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. - A A A A A A A A
100). Less excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability: weakness, smooth mu
A A A A A A A A A
scle atony, paresthesia, cardiac dysrhythmias
A A A A
7. Hyperkalemia and action potentials: HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: A A A A A A A A
closer to 0). More excitable. Peaked T waves.
A A A A A A A
When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is BAD = cardiac standstill,
A A A A A A A A A A A
paresthesia, paralysis A
1A/A16
,.
8. Hypocalcemia and action potentials: Increased permeability to Na+. More A A A A A A A A A
excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia, seizures, dysrhythmias.
A A A A A A
9. Hypercalcemia and action potentials: Decreased permeability to Na+. A A A A A A A A
Less excitable. Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, encephal
A A A A A A A
opathy, depressed T waves A A A
10. Atrophy: Occurs as a result of decrease in work load, pressure, use, blood s
A A A A A A A A A A A A A
upply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the cell has de
A A A A A A A A A A A
creased in size, it has now compensated for decreased blood supply, nerve suppl
A A A A A A A A A A A A
y, nutrient supply, hormonal supply, and has achieved new homeostasis. Cells ar
A A A A A A A A A A A
e alive but have diminished function and may lead to cellular death.
A A A A A A A A A A A
11. Atrophy examples: Physiologic atrophy- A A A
shrinking of the thymus gland during childhood.
A A A A A A A
Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being paralyzed
A A A A A A A
12. Hypertrophy: Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase in size of o A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
rgan. Caused by hormonal stimulation or increased functional demand.
A A A A A A A A
13 Hypertrophy examples: physiologic hypertrophy-
A A A A
skeletal hypertrophy when a person does heavy work or weight lifting / when a kidn
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
ey is surgically removed, the other kidney increases in size
A A A A A A A A A
pathologic hypertrophy- A
Acardiomegaly results from an increased workload in hypertensive patients / *left ven
A A A A A A A A A A A
tricular hypertrophy* A
14. Hyperplasia: Increase in NUMBER of cells. Results from increased rate of A A A A A A A A A A A
mitosis. Can ONLY happen in cells that are capable of mitosis (cell division).
A A A A A A A A A A A A
15. Hyperplasia examples: 1. Thickening of skin because of hyperplasia of A A A A A A A A A A
epidermal cells. A
2. Hormonal hyperplasia- A
occurs in estrogen dependent organs like uterus and breast.
A A A A A A A A A
, 2A/A16
