Business and
Society
Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy
Seventeenth Edition
Anne T. Lawrence
San José State University
James Weber
Duquesne University
Vanessa D. Hill
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
David M. Wasieleski
Duquesne University
, page ii
BUSINESS AND SOCIETY
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, page iii
About the Authors
Anne T. Lawrence San José State University
Anne T. Lawrence is professor of management emerita at San José State
University. She holds a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley, and
completed two years of postdoctoral study at Stanford University. Her articles,
cases, and reviews have appeared in many journals, including the Academy of
Management Review, Case Research Journal, Business & Society, Journal of
Management Education, California Management Review, Business and Society
Review, Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, and Journal of
Corporate Citizenship. Her cases in business and society have been reprinted in
many textbooks and anthologies. She served as guest editor of the Case Research
Journal. She served as president of the North American Case Research
Association (NACRA) and is a Fellow of NACRA, from which she received a
Distinguished Contributor Award in 2014. She received the Curtis E. Tate Award
for Outstanding Case of the Year (1998, 2009, and 2015). At San José State
University, she was named Outstanding Professor of the Year in 2005. In 2015, she
received a Master Teacher in Ethics Award from The Wheatley Institution at
Brigham Young University. She founded and currently serves as chair of the board
of the Case Research Foundation.
James Weber Duquesne University
James Weber is the Rev. Martin Hehir, C. S. Sp. Endowed Chair in Scholarly
Excellence and a professor of management and business ethics at Duquesne
University, where he also serves as the managing director of the Albert P. Viragh
Institute for Ethics in Business. He holds a PhD from the University of Pittsburgh
and has taught at the University of San Francisco, University of Pittsburgh, and
Marquette University. His areas of interest and research include personal,
managerial, and organizational values and cognitive moral reasoning. His work
has appeared in Organization Science, Human Relations, Business & Society,
Journal of Business Ethics, and Business Ethics Quarterly. He received the SIM
Sumner Marcus Award for lifetime contribution to the Social Issues in
Management division of the Academy of Management in 2013. He was
recognized by the Social Issues in Management division with the Best Paper
Award in 1989 and 1994 and received the Best Article Award from the
International Association for Business and Society (IABS) in 1998. He has served
as division chair of the Social Issues in Management division of the Academy of
Management. He has also served as president of the IABS and is currently
president of the IABS Fellows.
,Vanessa D. Hill University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Vanessa D. Hill is an associate professor of management at the B.I. Moody III
College of Business Administration, University of Louisiana at Lafayette. She
earned her PhD from Carnegie Mellon University and has taught at the University
of Arizona and Winthrop University. She holds two professional certifications in
Human Resource Management: the Senior Certified Professional (SHRM-SCP) by
the Society of Human Resource Management and the Senior Professional in
Human Resources (SPHR) by the Human Resource Certification Institute. Her
research interests include corporate social responsibility, business ethics,
leadership, and workplace values. Her work has been published in several journals
including Business and Society Review, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of
Management History, and Journal of Management Inquiry. She is an page iv
associate editor for Business and Society Review and serves on the
editorial review boards for the journals Business & Society and The Journal of
Business Ethics. She served as president of the International Association of
Business and Society (IABS) and was inducted as an IABS Fellow in 2018.
David M. Wasieleski Duquesne University
David M. Wasieleski (PhD, University of Pittsburgh) is the Albert P. Viragh
Professor of Business Ethics in the Palumbo-Donahue School of Business at
Duquesne University and executive director of the Albert P. Viragh Institute for
Ethics in Business at Duquesne. David also is an affiliate research professor at the
ICN Business School in Nancy, France. His academic research focuses on natural
science approaches to understanding ethical decision-making and the formation of
social contracts within organizational contexts. He also studies the effects of
cognitive biases and moral intensity on perceptions of ethical issues. His work has
been published in Business & Society, Business Ethics Quarterly, Organization &
Environment, Journal of Applied and Behavioral Sciences, and the Journal of
Business Ethics. At Duquesne, he teaches business ethics, organizational behavior,
management, and sustainability. Currently, he is editor-in-chief of Business and
Society Review. He served as chair of the Social Issues in Management division of
the Academy of Management and current serves as president of the U.S. chapter of
the International Humanistic Management Association.
, page v
Preface
In a world economy that is becoming increasingly integrated and interdependent,
the relationship between business and society is becoming ever more complex.
The globalization of business, the emergence of civil society organizations in
many nations, and rapidly changing government regulations and international
agreements have significantly altered the job of managers and the nature of
strategic decision-making within the firm.
At no time has business faced greater public scrutiny or more urgent demands
to act in an ethical and socially responsible manner than at the present. Consider
the following:
• The global calamity of the coronavirus pandemic focused renewed attention on
the roles of governments; pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical
equipment companies; and civil society organizations in solving urgent public
health problems. How should newly invented vaccines, medical treatments,
and protective equipment be equitably distributed among the world’s nations
and across vast divides of wealth and income? Governments faced the task of
how best to mobilize and incentivize the private sector to tackle one of the
biggest challenges of a generation. And the ravages of the pandemic forced
many businesses to weigh the delicate balance between their intellectual
property rights and the urgent demands of millions threatened by a previously
unknown disease. Many business leaders pondered to what extent their
organizations bore responsibility for the health of their employees, customers,
and the wider community.
• A host of new technologies have become part of the everyday lives of billions
of the world’s people. Advances in the basic sciences are stimulating
extraordinary changes in medicine, agriculture, telecommunications, and
transportation, which have the potential to enhance peoples’ health and quality
of life. Artificial intelligence can be used to drive vehicles, diagnose illnesses,
and manage investments. Technology has changed how we interact with
others, bringing people closer together through social networking, instant
messaging, and photo and video sharing. These innovations hold great
promise. But they also raise serious ethical issues, such as those associated
with the use of the Internet to exploit or defraud others, censor free expression,
or invade individuals’ privacy. Businesses must learn to harness powerful
technologies for good, while acting responsibly and ethically toward their
many stakeholders.
• Businesses in the United States and other nations are transforming the
employment relationship, abandoning practices that once provided job security
, and guaranteed pensions in favor of highly flexible but less secure forms of
employment. The rise of the “gig” economy has transformed many workers
into self-employed contractors. Many jobs, including those in the service
sector, are being outsourced to the emerging economies of China, India, and
other nations. As jobs shift abroad, multinational corporations are challenged
to address their obligations to workers in far-flung locations with widely
different cultures and to respond to calls for voluntary commitments to
enlightened labor standards and human rights. The burgeoning movement for
racial justice has once again raised the critical issue of equity and inclusion in
society. The #MeToo movement has focused a spotlight on sexual harassment
and abusive behavior and led to the fall of well-known executives and media
personalities and calls for change in workplace culture.
• Severe weather events—wildfires, hurricanes, and floods—have urgently
focused attention on the human impact on natural systems, prompting both
businesses and governments to act. An emerging consensus about the page vi
causes and risks of climate change is leading many companies to
adopt new practices, and once again the nations of the world have
experimented with public policies designed to limit the emissions of
greenhouse gases, most notably in the Paris Agreement. Many businesses have
cut air pollution, curbed solid waste, and designed products and buildings to be
more energy-efficient, saving money in the process. A better understanding of
how human activities affect natural resources is producing a growing
understanding that economic growth must be achieved in balance with
environmental protection if development is to be sustainable.
• Many regions of the world and its nations are developing at an extraordinary
rate. Yet, the prosperity that accompanies economic growth is not shared
equally. Access to health care, adequate nutrition, and education remain
unevenly distributed among and within the world’s nations, and inequalities of
wealth and income have become greater than they have been in many years.
These trends have challenged businesses to consider the impact of their
compensation, recruitment, and professional development practices on the
persistent—and in some cases, growing—gap between the haves and the have-
nots. Big corporate tax cuts in the United States have required companies to
decide whether to distribute their windfalls to their executives, shareholders,
employees, or customers; to invest in new jobs; or to buy back stock.
• In many nations, legislators have questioned business’s influence on politics.
Business has a legitimate role to play in the public policy process, but it has on
occasion shaded over into undue influence and even corruption. Technology
offers candidates and political parties new ways to reach out and inform
potential voters, but it has also created new opportunities for manipulation of
the electoral process through deceptive messaging. Political violence and
attacks on electoral processes have prompted some firms to question their
campaign contributions and their roles in protecting democratic institutions.
Businesses the world over are challenged to determine their legitimate scope
of influence and how to voice their interests most effectively in the public
policy process.
The new Seventeenth Edition of Business and Society addresses this complex
agenda of issues and their impact on business and its stakeholders. It is designed to
be the required textbook in an undergraduate or graduate course in Business and
Society; Business, Government and Society; Social Issues in Management; or the
,Environment of Business. It may also be used, in whole or in part, in courses in
Business Ethics and Public Affairs Management. This new edition of the text is
also appropriate for an undergraduate sociology course that focuses on the role of
business in society or on contemporary issues in business.
The core argument of Business and Society is that corporations serve a broad
public purpose: to create value for society. All companies must make a profit for
their owners. Indeed, if they did not, they would not long survive. However,
corporations create many other kinds of value as well. They are responsible for
professional development for their employees, innovative new products for their
customers, and generosity to their communities. They must partner with a wide
range of individuals and groups in society to advance collaborative goals. In our
view, corporations have multiple obligations, and all stakeholders’ interests must
be considered.
A Tradition of Excellence
Since the 1960s, when Professors Keith Davis and Robert Blomstrom wrote the
first edition of this book, Business and Society has maintained a position of
leadership by discussing central issues of corporate social performance in a form
that students and faculty have found engaging and stimulating. The leadership of
the two founding authors, and later of Professors William C. Frederick and James
E. Post, helped Business and Society to achieve a consistently high page vii
standard of quality and market acceptance. Thanks to these authors’
remarkable eye for the emerging issues that shape the organizational, social, and
public policy environments in which students will soon live and work, the book
has added value to the business education of many thousands of students.
Business and Society has continued through several successive author teams to
be the market leader in its field. The current authors bring a broad background of
business and society research, teaching, consulting, and case development to the
ongoing evolution of the text. We are especially pleased that two new authors,
Vanessa D. Hill and David M. Wasieleski, have come on board for this edition.
With an expanded author team, the new Seventeenth Edition of Business and
Society builds on its legacy of market leadership by reexamining such central
issues as the role of business in society, the nature of corporate responsibility and
global citizenship, business ethics practices, and the complex roles of government
and business in a global community.
For Instructors
For instructors, this textbook offers a complete set of supplements.
Instructor Library
The Connect Management Instructor Library is a repository for additional
resources to improve student engagement in and out of class. The instructor can
select and use any asset that enhances their lecture. The Connect Instructor Library
includes an extensive instructor’s resource manual—fully revised for this edition
—with lecture outlines, discussion case questions and answers, tips from
experienced instructors, and extensive case teaching notes. A computerized test
,bank (Test Builder) and PowerPoint slides for every chapter are also provided.
Create
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rearrange chapters, combine material from other content sources, and quickly
upload self-developed content such as a course syllabus or teaching notes. Content
may be drawn from any of the thousands of leading McGraw-Hill textbooks and
arranged to fit a specific class or teaching approach. Create even allows an
instructor to personalize the book’s appearance by selecting the cover and adding
the instructor’s name, school, and course information and to select a print or
eBook format.
For Students
Business and Society has long been popular with students because of its lively
writing, up-to-date examples, and clear explanations of theory. This textbook has
benefited greatly from feedback over the years from thousands of students who
have used the material in the authors’ own classrooms. Its strengths are in many
ways a testimony to the students who have used earlier generations of Business
and Society.
The new Seventeenth Edition of the text is designed to be as student-friendly
as always. Each chapter opens with a list of key learning objectives to help focus
student reading and study. Numerous figures, exhibits, and real-world business
examples (set as blocks of colored type) illustrate and elaborate the main points. A
glossary at the end of the book provides definitions for bold-faced and other
important terms. Internet references and a full section-by-section bibliography
guide students who wish to do further research on topics of their choice, and
subject and name indexes help students locate items in the book.
page viii
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