NUR 265 Exam 4 ACTUAL UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
what are the three main types of blood thinners? briefly describe their function - CORRECT
ANSWER - anticoagulants - prevention of thrombus/embolus formation by reducing fibrin
formation
antiplatelets - prevention of thrombus/embolus formation by preventing platelets from sticking
together (also prevents clots from getting bigger)
thrombolytics - treatment that dissolves or bursts formed clots
place the blood thinner classes in order from strongest to weakest - CORRECT
ANSWER - thrombolytics, anticoagulants, antiplatelets
what is common education for all blood thinner medications? - CORRECT ANSWER --
use soft-bristled toothbrushes
- use electric razors
- know signs/symptoms of bleeding
- always consult physician for questions regarding medications or effects of blood thinners
what should all patients on blood thinners be monitored for? what are some indications this is
occurring? - CORRECT ANSWER - bleeding/bleeding risks
s/s - dark/tarry stools (melena), coffee ground emesis, coughing blood (bright red), hematuria
(bright red), abrupt changes in neuro status/stroke symptoms (bleeding in the brain)
*always prioritize patient safety!
what lab tests indicate that blood thinners should be held? what are these values? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - hemoglobin below 10
, - platelets (thrombocytes) below 100,000
what are the main three anticoagulants used? - CORRECT ANSWER - warfarin, heparin,
enoxaparin
how is heparin administered? what is it's onset and half-life? - CORRECT ANSWER --
administered by IV or SUBQ
- IV onset: within minutes
- SUBQ onset: 20-60 minutes
- half-life: 1.5 hours
how is heparin dosed? what are the normal and therapeutic ranges for lab tests? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - dosed based on aPTT or PTT
- normal range: 40 seconds
- therapeutic range: 60-80 seconds
if a patient has an aPTT of 120, are they at a higher risk of bleeding or clotting? explain. -
CORRECT ANSWER - - bleeding
*the higher the aPTT number, the longer it takes and individual to form a clot
*hold meds as needed, call the provider to change dose or stop the medication
what are the adverse effects of heparin? - CORRECT ANSWER - - hemorrhage
- thrombocytopenia
what is the antidote for heparin? - CORRECT ANSWER - protamine sulfate
what is enoxaparin (Lovenox)? what's the difference between it and heparin? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - a low molecular weight heparin
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
what are the three main types of blood thinners? briefly describe their function - CORRECT
ANSWER - anticoagulants - prevention of thrombus/embolus formation by reducing fibrin
formation
antiplatelets - prevention of thrombus/embolus formation by preventing platelets from sticking
together (also prevents clots from getting bigger)
thrombolytics - treatment that dissolves or bursts formed clots
place the blood thinner classes in order from strongest to weakest - CORRECT
ANSWER - thrombolytics, anticoagulants, antiplatelets
what is common education for all blood thinner medications? - CORRECT ANSWER --
use soft-bristled toothbrushes
- use electric razors
- know signs/symptoms of bleeding
- always consult physician for questions regarding medications or effects of blood thinners
what should all patients on blood thinners be monitored for? what are some indications this is
occurring? - CORRECT ANSWER - bleeding/bleeding risks
s/s - dark/tarry stools (melena), coffee ground emesis, coughing blood (bright red), hematuria
(bright red), abrupt changes in neuro status/stroke symptoms (bleeding in the brain)
*always prioritize patient safety!
what lab tests indicate that blood thinners should be held? what are these values? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - hemoglobin below 10
, - platelets (thrombocytes) below 100,000
what are the main three anticoagulants used? - CORRECT ANSWER - warfarin, heparin,
enoxaparin
how is heparin administered? what is it's onset and half-life? - CORRECT ANSWER --
administered by IV or SUBQ
- IV onset: within minutes
- SUBQ onset: 20-60 minutes
- half-life: 1.5 hours
how is heparin dosed? what are the normal and therapeutic ranges for lab tests? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - dosed based on aPTT or PTT
- normal range: 40 seconds
- therapeutic range: 60-80 seconds
if a patient has an aPTT of 120, are they at a higher risk of bleeding or clotting? explain. -
CORRECT ANSWER - - bleeding
*the higher the aPTT number, the longer it takes and individual to form a clot
*hold meds as needed, call the provider to change dose or stop the medication
what are the adverse effects of heparin? - CORRECT ANSWER - - hemorrhage
- thrombocytopenia
what is the antidote for heparin? - CORRECT ANSWER - protamine sulfate
what is enoxaparin (Lovenox)? what's the difference between it and heparin? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - a low molecular weight heparin
