Pathophysiology Exam 1 - from Morgan-s Questions and Answers

Pathophysiology Exam 1 - from Morgan's
Questions and Answers
Pathophysiologya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
theastudyaofafunctionalaoraphysiologicachangesainatheabodyathataresultafromadiseasea
processes
Homeostasisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
theamaintenanceaofaaarelativelyastableainternalaenvironmentaregardlessaofatheaexternala
environment
Diseasea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-deviationafromatheanormalastateaofahomeostasis
Sevenastepsatoahealtha-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
1.abeaaanonsmokeraandaavoidasecondahandasmoke
2.aeata5-10aservingsaofavegetablesaandafruitsaaaday.achooseahigh-
fiber,alowerafatafoods.alimitaalcoholaintake
3.aphysicalaactivityaonaaaregularabasis
4.aprotectionafromatheasun
5.afollowacancerascreeningaguidelines
6.adoctoraoradentistavisitaifaanyachangesaoccur
7.afollowahealthaandasafetyaguidelinesaatahomeaandaataworkawhenausing,Astoring,aandadispo
singaofahazardousamaterials
Pathogenesisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-developmentaofatheadisease
Onsetaofadiseasea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--Asudden/acute
-Ainsiduous:Agradual,Avague,aoramildasymptoms
Acuteadiseasea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--Ashort-term,adevelopsaquickly
-ahighafever,asevereapain,Aetc
Chronicadiseasea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--adevelopsagradually
-amilderasymptoms,aoftenaintermittedawithaacuteaepisodes
Subclinicalastatea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
pathologicachanges,abutanoaobviousamanifestations
Latentastatea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--anoasymptomsaoraclinicalasignsaevident
-aincubationaperiod
Prodromalaperioda-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--aearlyadevelopmentaofatheadisease
-asignsaoranonspecificaoraabsent
Manifestationsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-clinicalaevidenceawithasignsaandasymptoms
Localamanifestationsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-atasiteaofatheaproblema(redness/swelling)
Systemicamanifestationsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-generalaindicatorsaofaillnessa(fever)
Signsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-objectiveaindicatorsaofadisease
Symptomsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-subjectiveafeelings
Lesionsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-specificalocalachangeainatheatissue
Diagnosticatestsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--avariousalaboratoryatests
-aappropriateatoamanifestationsaandamedicalahistory
Markatheacourse/progressaofaaadiseasea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
remissionsaandaexacerbations

,Remissiona-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-perodawhichamanifestationsasubside
Exacerbationa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-aaworseningaofaseverity
Precipitatingafactorsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-conditionathatatriggersaanaacutaepisode
Complicationsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-newasecondaryaoraadditionalaproblems
Therapya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-measuresatoapromotearecorvery/slowaprogress
Sequelaea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-potentialaunwantedaoutcomes
Convalescenea(rehabilitation)A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
periodaofarecoveryaandareturnatoahealthyastate
Prophylaxisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
aameasureadesignedatoapreserveahealtha(asaanaindividualaorasociety)aandapreventatheaspre
adaofadisease
Prognosisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
theaprobabilityaoralikelihoodaforarecoveryaoraotheraoutcomes
Morbiditya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-diseasearatesawithinaaagroup
Mortalitya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
relativeanumberaofadeathsaresultingafromaaaparticularadisease
Atrophya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-decreaseainatheasizeaofacells
Atrophyaresultsain...A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-reducedatissueamass
Hypertrophya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-increaseainacellasize
Hypertropyaresultsain...A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-enlargedatissueamass
Metaplasiaa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
matureacellatypeaisareplacedabyaaadifferentamatureacellatype
Dysplasiaa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-cellsavaryainasizeaandashapeawithinaaatissue
Anaplasiaa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
undifferentiatedacells,awithavariableanuclearaandacellastructures
Anaplasiaaisausedafor...A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
measuringatheaaggressivenessaofaaatumor
Anaplasiaaisaseenamostainawhatatypeaofatumorsa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-malignant
Neoplasiaa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-"newagrowth"
Neoplasiaaisacommlyacalled...A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-tumor
Apoptosisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-programmedacelladeath
Isaapoptosisanormalaoraabnormal?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
normalaoccurenceainatheabody
Ischemiaa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-deficitaofaoxygenaintaheacells
Ischemiaaisadueato...A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-aacirculatoryaobstruction
Hypoxiaa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--areducedaoxygenainatissues
-anutritionaladeficits
Physicalainjurya-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--aexcessiveaheataoracold
-aradiationaexposure
Necrosisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
deathaofacellsacausingafurtheradamageadueatoacellularadisintergration
Liquefactionanecrosisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
deadacellsaliquefyabecauseaofareleaseaofacellaenzymes
Coagulativeanecrosisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-cellaproteinsaareaalteredaoradenatureda--
Acoagulation

Fatanecrosisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-fattyatissueabrokenadownaintoafattyaacids

, Caseousanecrosisa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
formaofacoagulationanecrosisainawhichaaathick,Ayellowish,A"cheesy"asubstanceaforms
Infarctiona-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-areaaofadeadacellsaasaaaresultaofaoxygenadeprivation
Whatahappensatoaaatissueaafterainfarction?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
itaisaeventuallyareplacedaeitherabyatissuearegeneratedafromanearbyasimilaracellsaoraconnecti
veatissueaorascaratissueathatafillsatheagap
Whataisaaacommonaclassaexampleaofainfarction?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
heartaattack;amyocardialainfarction;AMI
-
awhenapartaofatheaheartamuscleaisainfarcted,aoradies,athataareaacananoalongeracontractatoapu

mpablood
Whatareplacesamyocardialacellsaafterami?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
scaratissue;amyocardialacellsadoanotaundergoamitosis
Gangrenea-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
areaaofanecroticatissueathatahasabeenainvadedabyabacteria
Whataisagangreneasoadangerous?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ifabacteriaafromagangreneaentersatheabloodstream,athenasepticashockacouldaoccur
Howaisagangreneatreated?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
surgicalaremovala(amputation)aofainfectedabodyapart
Theamostaabundantacomponentaofabodyafluidaandapercentageaofatotalabodyamassa-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-water;A45-60%

Whoaaveragesawithalessabodyawateraandawhy?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
womenaandaobeseapeople;aadiposeatissueadoesanotaholdawater
Newbornsaarea___%awatera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-75
Intracellularafluida-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-fluidafoundainsideatheacells
Intracellularafluidapercentageaofatotalabodyafluida-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-2/3
Extracellularafluida-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-fluidafoundaoutsideatheacells
Extracellularafluidapercentageaofatotalabodyawatera-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-1/3
2atypesaofaextracellularafluida-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-interstitialafluida&Aplasma
Interstitalafluidapercentageaofaecfa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-80%
Plasmaapercentageaofaecfa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-20%
Edemaa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
escessiveaamountaofafluidainatheainterstitialacompartment
4acausesaofaedemaa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-1.aincreasedacapillaryahydrostaticapressure
2.alossaofaplasmaaproteinsa(albumin)
3.aobstructionaofalymphaticacirculation
4.aincreasedacapillaryapermeability
Lossaofaplasmaaproteinaalbuminaresultsain...A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
decreasedaplasmaaosmoticapressure
Localaeffectsaofaedemaa-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--Aswelling;apaleaoraredaskin
-apittingaedema
Whyadoesaedemaacauseapain?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA--
aedemaaexertsapressureaonalocalanerves

-astretchingaofacapsulainaorgansa
-aheadacheawithacerebralaedema