Summary South Africa 1990's

Timeline:
1912 - ANC formed
1913 - forced land removal started
1924 - NUSAS formed
1956 - Black Sash formed
1959 - PAC formed
1975 - Inkata formed
1980’s - Stalemate
1985 - Secret talks w ANC
1989 - Botha had stroke
​ F.W De Klerk became president
1990 - Social segregation ended
​ State of nation address
​ Collapse of Soviet Union & end of Cold war
​ Groote Schuur talks
​ Pretoria talks
1991 - Population registration act repealed
​ Group areas act repealed
​ CODESA 1
1992 - White-only referendum
CODESA 2
​ Boipatong & Bisho massacres
1993 - St James church massacre
​ Heidelberg tavern
​ Chris Hani assassinated
​ AWB stormed world trade centre
1994 - Shell house massacre
​ Bomb blasts
​ First democratic elections (27 April)
1995 - TRC formed
​ Labour tenants act
1996 - New constitution adopted, new flag
1997 - RDP replaced by GEAR
1998 - TRC completed its report

Context
Late 1980’s
-​ A stalemate was reached between govt & opponents
-​ Neither side could move forward or change the situation alone
-​ Govt kept repression but ppl kept fighting back
-​ Govt still in power & resistance could not overthrow
-​ Both sides realised the need for compromise

Botha suffered a stroke in 1989 → couldn’t lead anymore
In September 1989, F.W. De Klerk became president → immediately introduced changes




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