NUR 257 Exam 3 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
lifestyle factors that are contributing most to longer life are - CORRECT ANSWER - diet
exercise
not smoking
hayflicks theory - CORRECT ANSWER - -programmed aging
-cellular aging
-normal human cell can only replicate and divide 40 - 60 times before it cannot divide anymore,
and will breakdown by programmed cell death (apoptosis and replicative senescence). --theory
does not apply to stem cells, difficult to prove secondary to concurrent chronic diseases
Molecular Clock Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA changes; each time a cell
undergoes mitosis, the telomeres on the ends of each chromosome shorten slightly' "intrinsic
mutagenesis". Eventually loss of telomeres stops the ability of chromosomes to replicate.
Wear- and Tear Theories of Aging - CORRECT ANSWER - Errors in the replication of
cells and accumulation of damaging byproducts eventually leads to declining cellular function
and aging.
Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - Secondary to the buildup
of unstable oxygen compounds, cumulative damage to cells and tissues as a result of aerobic
metabolism. In addition, environmental oxidizing agents can cause harm to cell membranes and
cells. The body produces antioxidant enzymes and in part, antioxidants are derived from healthy
diet. Plant chemicals (phytochemicals) are antioxidants and can block the formation of free
radicals.
LBM - CORRECT ANSWER - Sum of fat-free tissues; comprising bone, muscle & water
Sarcopenia - CORRECT ANSWER - Age- associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and
function
, Proportion distortion - CORRECT ANSWER - Refers to the growing portion sizes that
people call "normal"
Weight gain - CORRECT ANSWER - Fat accumulation
Normal Aging & Physiological Changes - CORRECT ANSWER - -LBM
-Sarcopenia
-Weight gain
-Decline in taste and smell, appetite & thirst
-Decline in oral health:
The daily recommended intake of fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - 22-28 g
What is nitrogen balance? - CORRECT ANSWER - the difference between intake and
loss of total protein
what is the second most common nutrient deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - dairy
total fat - CORRECT ANSWER - 20-35 percent calories
DRI water/ fluid intake - CORRECT ANSWER - 1mL of fluid per calorie eaten;
(minimum 1500 mL fluid/day).
what are nutrients of concern among older adults - CORRECT ANSWER - Fiber, iron,
B12 & water
Vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWER - -organic compound,
-includes retinol & retinoic acid
Questions and CORRECT Answers
lifestyle factors that are contributing most to longer life are - CORRECT ANSWER - diet
exercise
not smoking
hayflicks theory - CORRECT ANSWER - -programmed aging
-cellular aging
-normal human cell can only replicate and divide 40 - 60 times before it cannot divide anymore,
and will breakdown by programmed cell death (apoptosis and replicative senescence). --theory
does not apply to stem cells, difficult to prove secondary to concurrent chronic diseases
Molecular Clock Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA changes; each time a cell
undergoes mitosis, the telomeres on the ends of each chromosome shorten slightly' "intrinsic
mutagenesis". Eventually loss of telomeres stops the ability of chromosomes to replicate.
Wear- and Tear Theories of Aging - CORRECT ANSWER - Errors in the replication of
cells and accumulation of damaging byproducts eventually leads to declining cellular function
and aging.
Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - Secondary to the buildup
of unstable oxygen compounds, cumulative damage to cells and tissues as a result of aerobic
metabolism. In addition, environmental oxidizing agents can cause harm to cell membranes and
cells. The body produces antioxidant enzymes and in part, antioxidants are derived from healthy
diet. Plant chemicals (phytochemicals) are antioxidants and can block the formation of free
radicals.
LBM - CORRECT ANSWER - Sum of fat-free tissues; comprising bone, muscle & water
Sarcopenia - CORRECT ANSWER - Age- associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and
function
, Proportion distortion - CORRECT ANSWER - Refers to the growing portion sizes that
people call "normal"
Weight gain - CORRECT ANSWER - Fat accumulation
Normal Aging & Physiological Changes - CORRECT ANSWER - -LBM
-Sarcopenia
-Weight gain
-Decline in taste and smell, appetite & thirst
-Decline in oral health:
The daily recommended intake of fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - 22-28 g
What is nitrogen balance? - CORRECT ANSWER - the difference between intake and
loss of total protein
what is the second most common nutrient deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - dairy
total fat - CORRECT ANSWER - 20-35 percent calories
DRI water/ fluid intake - CORRECT ANSWER - 1mL of fluid per calorie eaten;
(minimum 1500 mL fluid/day).
what are nutrients of concern among older adults - CORRECT ANSWER - Fiber, iron,
B12 & water
Vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWER - -organic compound,
-includes retinol & retinoic acid
