WGU C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Exam 230
Questions with Verified Answers
Bad habits of thinking that all of us, to one degree or another, indulge in:
- Making generalizations unsupported by evidence
Letting a stereotype shape our thinking
- Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
- Forming false beliefs
- Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
- Thinking deceptively about our own experiences - CORRECT ANSWER
Impediments to sound thinking:
the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself - CORRECT ANSWER
egocentrism
the assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all others -
CORRECT ANSWER sociocentrism
self-directed
self-disciplined
self-monitored
self-corrective - CORRECT ANSWER Critical thinking is characteristically:
Spontaneous and non-reflective
,Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
Indiscriminately combined - CORRECT ANSWER First-order thinking (ordinary
thinking)
Is simply first-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed,
and reconstructed) - CORRECT ANSWER Second-order thinking (critical thinking
is to consider all relevant opinions equally without regard to one's own
sentiments or selfish interests. - CORRECT ANSWER To be fair-minded...
is to always see yourself as right and just. And unfairness nearly always involves an
element of self-deception. - CORRECT ANSWER To be intellectually unfair...
Commitment to discovering the extent of one's own ignorance on any issue;
Recognition that one does not—and cannot—know everything; Consciousness of
one's biases and prejudices, and limited viewpoints - CORRECT ANSWER
Intellectual Humility
Challenging popular belief; Confronting ideas, viewpoints, or beliefs with fairness,
even when doing so is painful; Examining fairly beliefs which one has strong
negative feelings and toward which one has previously been dismissive - CORRECT
ANSWER Intellectual Courage
Inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to genuinely understand them;
ability to reconstruct other people's viewpoints and reasoning; and to reason from
premises, assumptions, and ideas not one's own - CORRECT ANSWER Intellectual
Empathy
,Holding oneself to the same rigorous intellectual standards that one expects
others to meet; admitting flaws and inconsistencies in our own thinking; practicing
daily what we preach and identifying weaknesses in our own thinkin - CORRECT
ANSWER Intellectual Integrity
Working one's way through intellectual complexities despite frustrations inherent
in doing so; not giving up when confronted by complicated problems that don't
lend themselves to easy solutions - CORRECT ANSWER Intellectual Perseverance
Proceeds from the belief that both the individual's and society's higher interests
are best served by unfettered reason; encourages people to arrive at their own
conclusions through their own powers of rational thinking. Faith that we can learn
to be reasonable despite fundamental barriers to reasonableness in human nature
and social life - CORRECT ANSWER Confidence in Reason
Thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of rationality. Reasoning through
issues on one's own rather than uncritically accept others' viewpoints; relying on
one's own reasoning when deciding what to or what not to believe. - CORRECT
ANSWER Intellectual Autonomy
Fail to consider, in good faith, viewpoints that contradict its own viewpoint. They
lacks fair-mindedness. - CORRECT ANSWER weak-sense critical thinkers
The art of winning arguments regardless of whether there are problems in the
thinking being used, regardless of whether relevant viewpoints are being ignored.
- CORRECT ANSWER Sophistry
, Use lower-level skills of rhetoric, or argumentation, by which they make
unreasonable thinking look reasonable and reasonable thinking look
unreasonable - CORRECT ANSWER Sophistic thinkers
consistent pursuit of the fair and just. Strive always to be ethical—to behave in
ways that do not exploit or otherwise harm others. They work to empathize with
the viewpoints of others and are willing to listen to arguments they do not
necessarily hold. They change their views when faced with better reasoning.
Rather than using their thinking to manipulate others and to hide from the truth
(in a weak-sense way), they use thinking in an ethical, reasonable manner. -
CORRECT ANSWER Strong-sense critical thinking
Whenever someone is reasoning, it makes sense to ask, "Upon what facts or
information are you basing your reasoning?" - CORRECT ANSWER Reasoning; key
question to ask
Questions focusing on making thinking more accurate include:
- Is that really true?
- How could we check to see if that is accurate?
- How could we find out if that is true? - CORRECT ANSWER Intellectual standard:
Accuracy
Questions focusing on making thinking more precise include:
- Could you give me more details?
- Could you be more specific? - CORRECT ANSWER Intellectual standard: Precision
Questions focusing on relevance include:
Questions with Verified Answers
Bad habits of thinking that all of us, to one degree or another, indulge in:
- Making generalizations unsupported by evidence
Letting a stereotype shape our thinking
- Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
- Forming false beliefs
- Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
- Thinking deceptively about our own experiences - CORRECT ANSWER
Impediments to sound thinking:
the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself - CORRECT ANSWER
egocentrism
the assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all others -
CORRECT ANSWER sociocentrism
self-directed
self-disciplined
self-monitored
self-corrective - CORRECT ANSWER Critical thinking is characteristically:
Spontaneous and non-reflective
,Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
Indiscriminately combined - CORRECT ANSWER First-order thinking (ordinary
thinking)
Is simply first-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed,
and reconstructed) - CORRECT ANSWER Second-order thinking (critical thinking
is to consider all relevant opinions equally without regard to one's own
sentiments or selfish interests. - CORRECT ANSWER To be fair-minded...
is to always see yourself as right and just. And unfairness nearly always involves an
element of self-deception. - CORRECT ANSWER To be intellectually unfair...
Commitment to discovering the extent of one's own ignorance on any issue;
Recognition that one does not—and cannot—know everything; Consciousness of
one's biases and prejudices, and limited viewpoints - CORRECT ANSWER
Intellectual Humility
Challenging popular belief; Confronting ideas, viewpoints, or beliefs with fairness,
even when doing so is painful; Examining fairly beliefs which one has strong
negative feelings and toward which one has previously been dismissive - CORRECT
ANSWER Intellectual Courage
Inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to genuinely understand them;
ability to reconstruct other people's viewpoints and reasoning; and to reason from
premises, assumptions, and ideas not one's own - CORRECT ANSWER Intellectual
Empathy
,Holding oneself to the same rigorous intellectual standards that one expects
others to meet; admitting flaws and inconsistencies in our own thinking; practicing
daily what we preach and identifying weaknesses in our own thinkin - CORRECT
ANSWER Intellectual Integrity
Working one's way through intellectual complexities despite frustrations inherent
in doing so; not giving up when confronted by complicated problems that don't
lend themselves to easy solutions - CORRECT ANSWER Intellectual Perseverance
Proceeds from the belief that both the individual's and society's higher interests
are best served by unfettered reason; encourages people to arrive at their own
conclusions through their own powers of rational thinking. Faith that we can learn
to be reasonable despite fundamental barriers to reasonableness in human nature
and social life - CORRECT ANSWER Confidence in Reason
Thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of rationality. Reasoning through
issues on one's own rather than uncritically accept others' viewpoints; relying on
one's own reasoning when deciding what to or what not to believe. - CORRECT
ANSWER Intellectual Autonomy
Fail to consider, in good faith, viewpoints that contradict its own viewpoint. They
lacks fair-mindedness. - CORRECT ANSWER weak-sense critical thinkers
The art of winning arguments regardless of whether there are problems in the
thinking being used, regardless of whether relevant viewpoints are being ignored.
- CORRECT ANSWER Sophistry
, Use lower-level skills of rhetoric, or argumentation, by which they make
unreasonable thinking look reasonable and reasonable thinking look
unreasonable - CORRECT ANSWER Sophistic thinkers
consistent pursuit of the fair and just. Strive always to be ethical—to behave in
ways that do not exploit or otherwise harm others. They work to empathize with
the viewpoints of others and are willing to listen to arguments they do not
necessarily hold. They change their views when faced with better reasoning.
Rather than using their thinking to manipulate others and to hide from the truth
(in a weak-sense way), they use thinking in an ethical, reasonable manner. -
CORRECT ANSWER Strong-sense critical thinking
Whenever someone is reasoning, it makes sense to ask, "Upon what facts or
information are you basing your reasoning?" - CORRECT ANSWER Reasoning; key
question to ask
Questions focusing on making thinking more accurate include:
- Is that really true?
- How could we check to see if that is accurate?
- How could we find out if that is true? - CORRECT ANSWER Intellectual standard:
Accuracy
Questions focusing on making thinking more precise include:
- Could you give me more details?
- Could you be more specific? - CORRECT ANSWER Intellectual standard: Precision
Questions focusing on relevance include:
