Advanced Pharmacology Midterm
(Chemotherapy Drugs)
A 24-year-old pregnant woman presents to the urgent care clinic with fever and
urinary frequency and urgency. She is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection
(UTI). Based on potential harm to the fetus, which of the following medications
should be avoided in treating her UTI?
A. Nitrofuratoin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Cephalexin
D. Doxycycline - ✔✔✔ANSWER-D. Doxycycline
Pregnancy Category D, Associated with hepatotoxicity in mothers, can cause
decreased bone and teeth development in infants and impair fetal long bone
growth.
Which of the following is the primary method of B~-lactam
,resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae?
A. Modification of target site
B. Decreased drug levels due to changes in permeability
C. Decreased drug levels due to an efflux pump
D. Enzymatic inactivation - ✔✔✔ANSWER-A. Modification of target-
ß-lactam resistance involves alteration and restructuring in one or more of the
major penicillin binding proteins.
Which of the following agents is considered a narrow spectrum
antibiotic?
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Isoniazid
D. lmipenem - ✔✔✔ANSWER-C. Isoniazid
Isoniazid is only active against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin,
and imipenem are considered broad spectr~m due to
their activity against multiple types of bacteria and 1ncreased
risk for contributing to the development of a superinfection.
Which of the following antibiotics exhibits concentration-
dependent killing?
,A. Clindarnycin
B. Linezolid
C. Vancomycin
D. Daptomycin - ✔✔✔ANSWER-D. Daptomycin
Clindamycin, linezolid, and vancomycin
exhibit time-dependent killing, while daptomycin works best
when administered in a fashion that optimizes concentration-
dependent killing.
Which of the following antibiotics exhibits a long post antibiotic
effect that permits once-daily dosing?
A. Gentamicin
B. Penicillin G
C. Vancomycin
D. Aztreonam - ✔✔✔ANSWER-A. Gentamicin
Aminoglycosides, including gentamicin,
possess a long post antibiotic effect, especially when given
as a high dose every 24 hours. Penicillin G, clindamycin,
and vancomycin have a relatively short post antibiotic effect
and require dosing that maintains concentrations above the
MIC for a longer portion of the dosing Interval.
, A 58-year-old man with a history of hepatitis C, cirrhosis,
and ascites presents with spontaneous bacterial
peritonitis. Which of the following antibiotics requires
close monitoring and dosing adjustment in this patient
given his liver disease?
A. Penicillin G.
B. Tobramycin.
C. Erythromycin.
D. Vancomycin. - ✔✔✔ANSWER-C. Erythromycin
It is metabolized by the liver and should be used with caution in patients with
hepatic impairment. Penicillin G, tobramycin, and vancomycin are primarily
eliminated by the kidneys.
JS is a 3-day-old neonate, born at 37 weeks' gestation,
who presents with new onset fever, lethargy, and
decreased desire to feed. Based on JS's age, which
of the following antibiotics is considered safe to use in
neonates?
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
C. Tetracycline
(Chemotherapy Drugs)
A 24-year-old pregnant woman presents to the urgent care clinic with fever and
urinary frequency and urgency. She is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection
(UTI). Based on potential harm to the fetus, which of the following medications
should be avoided in treating her UTI?
A. Nitrofuratoin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Cephalexin
D. Doxycycline - ✔✔✔ANSWER-D. Doxycycline
Pregnancy Category D, Associated with hepatotoxicity in mothers, can cause
decreased bone and teeth development in infants and impair fetal long bone
growth.
Which of the following is the primary method of B~-lactam
,resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae?
A. Modification of target site
B. Decreased drug levels due to changes in permeability
C. Decreased drug levels due to an efflux pump
D. Enzymatic inactivation - ✔✔✔ANSWER-A. Modification of target-
ß-lactam resistance involves alteration and restructuring in one or more of the
major penicillin binding proteins.
Which of the following agents is considered a narrow spectrum
antibiotic?
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Isoniazid
D. lmipenem - ✔✔✔ANSWER-C. Isoniazid
Isoniazid is only active against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin,
and imipenem are considered broad spectr~m due to
their activity against multiple types of bacteria and 1ncreased
risk for contributing to the development of a superinfection.
Which of the following antibiotics exhibits concentration-
dependent killing?
,A. Clindarnycin
B. Linezolid
C. Vancomycin
D. Daptomycin - ✔✔✔ANSWER-D. Daptomycin
Clindamycin, linezolid, and vancomycin
exhibit time-dependent killing, while daptomycin works best
when administered in a fashion that optimizes concentration-
dependent killing.
Which of the following antibiotics exhibits a long post antibiotic
effect that permits once-daily dosing?
A. Gentamicin
B. Penicillin G
C. Vancomycin
D. Aztreonam - ✔✔✔ANSWER-A. Gentamicin
Aminoglycosides, including gentamicin,
possess a long post antibiotic effect, especially when given
as a high dose every 24 hours. Penicillin G, clindamycin,
and vancomycin have a relatively short post antibiotic effect
and require dosing that maintains concentrations above the
MIC for a longer portion of the dosing Interval.
, A 58-year-old man with a history of hepatitis C, cirrhosis,
and ascites presents with spontaneous bacterial
peritonitis. Which of the following antibiotics requires
close monitoring and dosing adjustment in this patient
given his liver disease?
A. Penicillin G.
B. Tobramycin.
C. Erythromycin.
D. Vancomycin. - ✔✔✔ANSWER-C. Erythromycin
It is metabolized by the liver and should be used with caution in patients with
hepatic impairment. Penicillin G, tobramycin, and vancomycin are primarily
eliminated by the kidneys.
JS is a 3-day-old neonate, born at 37 weeks' gestation,
who presents with new onset fever, lethargy, and
decreased desire to feed. Based on JS's age, which
of the following antibiotics is considered safe to use in
neonates?
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
C. Tetracycline
