APHY 101 Final Exam
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ✔✔ correct answer Anatomy is the study
of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts
What are the levels of organization? - ✔✔ correct answer subatomic particles, atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the requirements of life? - ✔✔ correct answer Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - ✔✔ correct answer Movement (internal or gross);
Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in
shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2);
Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into
fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically
different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - ✔✔ correct answer Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - ✔✔ correct answer the body maintains homeostasis through a
number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure
sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - ✔✔ correct answer Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is
composed of elements.
Define element - ✔✔ correct answer fundamental substance composed of chemically identical
atoms
Define atoms - ✔✔ correct answer smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
What is the structure of an atom? - ✔✔ correct answer An atom consists of a nucleus containing
protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
Atomic nucleus - ✔✔ correct answer the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
,APHY 101 Final Exam
Proton - ✔✔ correct answer subatomic particle that has a positive charge
Neutron - ✔✔ correct answer subatomic particle that has no charge
Electron - ✔✔ correct answer subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Atomic number - ✔✔ correct answer number or protons in nucleus
Atomic mass - ✔✔ correct answer number of protons plus number of neutrons
What are covalent bonds? - ✔✔ correct answer Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share
electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
What are ionic bonds? - ✔✔ correct answer 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when
electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
What are hydrogen bonds? - ✔✔ correct answer Weak attraction between positive end of one polar
molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules
Define ion - ✔✔ correct answer When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
Define synthesis reaction - ✔✔ correct answer Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together
Define decomposition reaction - ✔✔ correct answer Larger molecules are broken down into smaller
ones
Define exchange reaction - ✔✔ correct answer Parts of molecules trade places
Define reactant - ✔✔ correct answer The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or
molecules
Define product - ✔✔ correct answer Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
, APHY 101 Final Exam
Define catalyst - ✔✔ correct answer influence the rates of chemical reactions
What is an acid? - ✔✔ correct answer Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
What is a base? - ✔✔ correct answer Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions
in water
What is a salt? - ✔✔ correct answer Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
What is a pH scale? - ✔✔ correct answer represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in
solution
Neutral solution - ✔✔ correct answer pH 7;
indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
Acidic solution - ✔✔ correct answer pH less than
7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
Basic solution - ✔✔ correct answer pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? - ✔✔ correct
answer organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic compounds do not
What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? - ✔✔ correct answer Dehydration reactions link
monomers together into polymers by releasing water, and hydrolysis breaks polymers into
monomers using a water molecule. Monomers are just single unit molecules and polymers are chains
of monomers.
What are carbohydrates? - ✔✔ correct answer Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular activities.
These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are lipids? - ✔✔ correct answer Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity. Lipids are
insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ✔✔ correct answer Anatomy is the study
of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts
What are the levels of organization? - ✔✔ correct answer subatomic particles, atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the requirements of life? - ✔✔ correct answer Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - ✔✔ correct answer Movement (internal or gross);
Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in
shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2);
Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into
fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically
different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - ✔✔ correct answer Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - ✔✔ correct answer the body maintains homeostasis through a
number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure
sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - ✔✔ correct answer Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is
composed of elements.
Define element - ✔✔ correct answer fundamental substance composed of chemically identical
atoms
Define atoms - ✔✔ correct answer smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
What is the structure of an atom? - ✔✔ correct answer An atom consists of a nucleus containing
protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
Atomic nucleus - ✔✔ correct answer the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
,APHY 101 Final Exam
Proton - ✔✔ correct answer subatomic particle that has a positive charge
Neutron - ✔✔ correct answer subatomic particle that has no charge
Electron - ✔✔ correct answer subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Atomic number - ✔✔ correct answer number or protons in nucleus
Atomic mass - ✔✔ correct answer number of protons plus number of neutrons
What are covalent bonds? - ✔✔ correct answer Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share
electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
What are ionic bonds? - ✔✔ correct answer 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when
electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
What are hydrogen bonds? - ✔✔ correct answer Weak attraction between positive end of one polar
molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules
Define ion - ✔✔ correct answer When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
Define synthesis reaction - ✔✔ correct answer Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together
Define decomposition reaction - ✔✔ correct answer Larger molecules are broken down into smaller
ones
Define exchange reaction - ✔✔ correct answer Parts of molecules trade places
Define reactant - ✔✔ correct answer The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or
molecules
Define product - ✔✔ correct answer Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
, APHY 101 Final Exam
Define catalyst - ✔✔ correct answer influence the rates of chemical reactions
What is an acid? - ✔✔ correct answer Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
What is a base? - ✔✔ correct answer Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions
in water
What is a salt? - ✔✔ correct answer Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
What is a pH scale? - ✔✔ correct answer represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in
solution
Neutral solution - ✔✔ correct answer pH 7;
indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
Acidic solution - ✔✔ correct answer pH less than
7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
Basic solution - ✔✔ correct answer pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? - ✔✔ correct
answer organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic compounds do not
What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? - ✔✔ correct answer Dehydration reactions link
monomers together into polymers by releasing water, and hydrolysis breaks polymers into
monomers using a water molecule. Monomers are just single unit molecules and polymers are chains
of monomers.
What are carbohydrates? - ✔✔ correct answer Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular activities.
These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are lipids? - ✔✔ correct answer Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity. Lipids are
insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
