3.1.1 Water and Carbon F&Fs
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_elpqzc
oceanic water is 97% of earths water
Sea ice, ice caps (thick layers of ice smaller than 50,000km^2),
stores of water
permafrost (ground that remains at or below 0C for at least two
consecutive yrs), ice sheets (mass of glacial land ice extending
more than 50,000km^2), alpine glaciers
In 2016, London has half of its front gardens paved over an
london example of increased run off
increase of 36% over ten years.
Over 10% South America rainforest has been converted to cattle
pasture and agriculture.
deforestation impacting the water cycle Studies have shown that there is little effect with less than 20%
of the basin deforested but a large increase with 50-100% of the
basin deforested.
In the 1960s, at the peak of water abstraction, groundwater levels
water abstraction in the london basin
had dropped to 88m below sea level.
carbon in plants 19% of carbon in the earths biosphere is stored in plants.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have reach very high values in
the past, topping over 7000ppm in the Cambrian period around
500 million years ago.
facts about the atmosphere
Currently it makes up 0.04% of the atmosphere, which is 400ppm.
This is higher than it has been for a least 800,000 years and likely
the highest it has been in the past 20 million years.
The amount of co2 released have not been enough to cause
volcanic activity and the carbon cycle detectable warming. Volcanos release less than 1% of the co2
released by human activities
Cement industry produces 5% of global anthropogenic co2 emis-
sions.
In 2013, the global co2 emissions due to fossil fuel use and cement
production were 36GtC.
hydrocarbons and the carbon cycle
70% of global oil is in the middle east
In 2013, co2 emission breakdown was: Coal 43% Oil 33% Gas
18% Cement 5.5% Gas flaring from oil wells 0.6%
methane produced by livestock accounted for 39% of agriculture
emissions in 2011
farming and the carbon cycle
rice paddies (methanogenesis) accounted for 10% of total agri-
culture emissions
over half the worlds population lives in urban areas
land use change and the carbon cycle
urban areas are responsible for 75% of global carbon emissions
However, the National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration
(NOAA) estimates that if just 10% of the permafrost were to thaw,
permafrost stat it could release enough extra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere to
raise global temperatures and additional 0.7 degrees Celsius by
2100.
About 30% of the CO2 that has been released into the atmosphere
ocean acidification
has diffused into the ocean through direct chemical exchange.
In the last 35 years, the artic has retreated at around 12.8% per
melting sea ice
decade.
sea level rise Sea has been rising at a rate of 3.1mm/year since the 1990s.
on its own methane is x30 stronger than co2.
methane vs co2
over a 24 year time period methane is x75 more potent than co2
as a greenhouse gas.
1/3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_elpqzc
oceanic water is 97% of earths water
Sea ice, ice caps (thick layers of ice smaller than 50,000km^2),
stores of water
permafrost (ground that remains at or below 0C for at least two
consecutive yrs), ice sheets (mass of glacial land ice extending
more than 50,000km^2), alpine glaciers
In 2016, London has half of its front gardens paved over an
london example of increased run off
increase of 36% over ten years.
Over 10% South America rainforest has been converted to cattle
pasture and agriculture.
deforestation impacting the water cycle Studies have shown that there is little effect with less than 20%
of the basin deforested but a large increase with 50-100% of the
basin deforested.
In the 1960s, at the peak of water abstraction, groundwater levels
water abstraction in the london basin
had dropped to 88m below sea level.
carbon in plants 19% of carbon in the earths biosphere is stored in plants.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have reach very high values in
the past, topping over 7000ppm in the Cambrian period around
500 million years ago.
facts about the atmosphere
Currently it makes up 0.04% of the atmosphere, which is 400ppm.
This is higher than it has been for a least 800,000 years and likely
the highest it has been in the past 20 million years.
The amount of co2 released have not been enough to cause
volcanic activity and the carbon cycle detectable warming. Volcanos release less than 1% of the co2
released by human activities
Cement industry produces 5% of global anthropogenic co2 emis-
sions.
In 2013, the global co2 emissions due to fossil fuel use and cement
production were 36GtC.
hydrocarbons and the carbon cycle
70% of global oil is in the middle east
In 2013, co2 emission breakdown was: Coal 43% Oil 33% Gas
18% Cement 5.5% Gas flaring from oil wells 0.6%
methane produced by livestock accounted for 39% of agriculture
emissions in 2011
farming and the carbon cycle
rice paddies (methanogenesis) accounted for 10% of total agri-
culture emissions
over half the worlds population lives in urban areas
land use change and the carbon cycle
urban areas are responsible for 75% of global carbon emissions
However, the National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration
(NOAA) estimates that if just 10% of the permafrost were to thaw,
permafrost stat it could release enough extra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere to
raise global temperatures and additional 0.7 degrees Celsius by
2100.
About 30% of the CO2 that has been released into the atmosphere
ocean acidification
has diffused into the ocean through direct chemical exchange.
In the last 35 years, the artic has retreated at around 12.8% per
melting sea ice
decade.
sea level rise Sea has been rising at a rate of 3.1mm/year since the 1990s.
on its own methane is x30 stronger than co2.
methane vs co2
over a 24 year time period methane is x75 more potent than co2
as a greenhouse gas.
1/3
