,Comprehensive Test Bank for Marieb Human Anatomy &
Physiology, 12th Edition (Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott) – Verified
NCLEX/HESI-Style Questions with Rationales
Chapter 1: The Human Body: An
Orientation.
Q1. Chapter 1 – Section 1.1, Complementarity of Structure and
Function
Stem: A nurse notes that capillaries have thin walls to allow
rapid gas exchange. Which statement best explains this
complementarity?
A. Thick walls protect capillaries from shear stress.
B. Thin walls minimize diffusion distance for O₂/CO₂.
C. Multiple layers prevent membrane rupture.
D. Thick tunica media supports high pressure.
Answer: B
Rationale:
• B (correct): Thin endothelial lining reduces diffusion
distance, facilitating rapid gas exchange (Marieb 12e, Ch 1
§1.1).
• A: Thick walls would impede, not protect, gas diffusion.
• C: Multiple layers increase, not decrease, diffusion
distance.
, • D: Thick tunica media is characteristic of arteries, not
capillaries.
Teaching Point: Capillary thinness is crucial for efficient
diffusion.
Q2. Chapter 1 – Section 1.1, Topics of Anatomy
Stem: Which branch of anatomy involves cutting body
structures to study relationships?
A. Radiographic anatomy
B. Surface anatomy
C. Gross (macroscopic) anatomy
D. Regional anatomy
Answer: C
Rationale:
• C (correct): Gross anatomy studies structures visible
without magnification, often via dissection (Marieb 12e, Ch
1 §1.1).
• A: Radiographic uses imaging, not dissection.
• B: Surface anatomy examines external landmarks.
• D: Regional anatomy focuses on specific body regions.
Teaching Point: Gross anatomy reveals structures via
dissection.
Q3. Chapter 1 – Section 1.1, Topics of Physiology
, Stem: A nurse explains that renal physiology studies how
kidneys filter blood. This is an example of:
A. Neurophysiology
B. Cardiovascular physiology
C. Renal physiology
D. Endocrine physiology
Answer: C
Rationale:
• C (correct): Renal physiology focuses on kidney function
and urine formation (Marieb 12e, Ch 1 §1.1).
• A: Neurophysiology concerns nervous system.
• B: Cardiovascular physiology studies the heart and vessels.
• D: Endocrine physiology deals with hormone actions.
Teaching Point: Physiology specialties mirror organ
systems.
Q4. Chapter 1 – Section 1.1, Studying Anatomy
Stem (Labeling): Identify the plane that divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts.
A. Transverse
B. Frontal (coronal)
C. Sagittal
D. Oblique
Answer: B
Rationale:
Physiology, 12th Edition (Hoehn, Haynes, Abbott) – Verified
NCLEX/HESI-Style Questions with Rationales
Chapter 1: The Human Body: An
Orientation.
Q1. Chapter 1 – Section 1.1, Complementarity of Structure and
Function
Stem: A nurse notes that capillaries have thin walls to allow
rapid gas exchange. Which statement best explains this
complementarity?
A. Thick walls protect capillaries from shear stress.
B. Thin walls minimize diffusion distance for O₂/CO₂.
C. Multiple layers prevent membrane rupture.
D. Thick tunica media supports high pressure.
Answer: B
Rationale:
• B (correct): Thin endothelial lining reduces diffusion
distance, facilitating rapid gas exchange (Marieb 12e, Ch 1
§1.1).
• A: Thick walls would impede, not protect, gas diffusion.
• C: Multiple layers increase, not decrease, diffusion
distance.
, • D: Thick tunica media is characteristic of arteries, not
capillaries.
Teaching Point: Capillary thinness is crucial for efficient
diffusion.
Q2. Chapter 1 – Section 1.1, Topics of Anatomy
Stem: Which branch of anatomy involves cutting body
structures to study relationships?
A. Radiographic anatomy
B. Surface anatomy
C. Gross (macroscopic) anatomy
D. Regional anatomy
Answer: C
Rationale:
• C (correct): Gross anatomy studies structures visible
without magnification, often via dissection (Marieb 12e, Ch
1 §1.1).
• A: Radiographic uses imaging, not dissection.
• B: Surface anatomy examines external landmarks.
• D: Regional anatomy focuses on specific body regions.
Teaching Point: Gross anatomy reveals structures via
dissection.
Q3. Chapter 1 – Section 1.1, Topics of Physiology
, Stem: A nurse explains that renal physiology studies how
kidneys filter blood. This is an example of:
A. Neurophysiology
B. Cardiovascular physiology
C. Renal physiology
D. Endocrine physiology
Answer: C
Rationale:
• C (correct): Renal physiology focuses on kidney function
and urine formation (Marieb 12e, Ch 1 §1.1).
• A: Neurophysiology concerns nervous system.
• B: Cardiovascular physiology studies the heart and vessels.
• D: Endocrine physiology deals with hormone actions.
Teaching Point: Physiology specialties mirror organ
systems.
Q4. Chapter 1 – Section 1.1, Studying Anatomy
Stem (Labeling): Identify the plane that divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts.
A. Transverse
B. Frontal (coronal)
C. Sagittal
D. Oblique
Answer: B
Rationale:
