NR283 Pathophysiology Test Bank | Chamberlain
College | Exams 1–3 and Final Exam Questions with
Detailed Rationales for Nursing Students
Questions & Answers
Q1. What causes cellular hypoxia?
A1. Hypoxia arises from reduced oxygen supply, anemia, or impaired circulation, leading
to cell injury and death if prolonged.
Q2. Define necrosis and apoptosis.
A2. Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death due to injury, while apoptosis is programmed,
regulated cell death maintaining tissue balance.
Q3. How does inflammation protect the body?
A3. Inflammation removes harmful agents, initiates healing, and activates immune
responses, though chronic inflammation can damage tissues.
Q4. What are early signs of infection?
A4. Signs include fever, redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Lab results may reveal
leukocytosis or elevated CRP.
Q5. Explain the difference between benign and malignant tumors.
A5. Benign tumors are localized and slow-growing, while malignant tumors invade tissues
and metastasize, causing systemic effects.
, Q6. Why does edema develop in heart failure?
A6. Reduced cardiac output increases venous pressure, causing fluid leakage into tissues,
resulting in swelling.
Q7. What is septic shock?
A7. Septic shock occurs when systemic infection triggers widespread vasodilation,
hypotension, and multi-organ dysfunction, requiring urgent intervention.
Q8. How does COPD impair gas exchange?
A8. Airway obstruction and alveolar destruction reduce oxygen diffusion, causing
hypoxemia and hypercapnia in patients.
Q9. Why is pain considered subjective?
A9. Pain perception varies by individual, influenced by biological, psychological, and
cultural factors, requiring self-report for accurate assessment.
Q10. Explain the role of the lymphatic system.
A10. It maintains fluid balance, transports immune cells, and filters pathogens, supporting
immune defense.
A pathology report identifies abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature
cells. How would the nurse best classify these changes? - ANSWER Dysplasia
College | Exams 1–3 and Final Exam Questions with
Detailed Rationales for Nursing Students
Questions & Answers
Q1. What causes cellular hypoxia?
A1. Hypoxia arises from reduced oxygen supply, anemia, or impaired circulation, leading
to cell injury and death if prolonged.
Q2. Define necrosis and apoptosis.
A2. Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death due to injury, while apoptosis is programmed,
regulated cell death maintaining tissue balance.
Q3. How does inflammation protect the body?
A3. Inflammation removes harmful agents, initiates healing, and activates immune
responses, though chronic inflammation can damage tissues.
Q4. What are early signs of infection?
A4. Signs include fever, redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Lab results may reveal
leukocytosis or elevated CRP.
Q5. Explain the difference between benign and malignant tumors.
A5. Benign tumors are localized and slow-growing, while malignant tumors invade tissues
and metastasize, causing systemic effects.
, Q6. Why does edema develop in heart failure?
A6. Reduced cardiac output increases venous pressure, causing fluid leakage into tissues,
resulting in swelling.
Q7. What is septic shock?
A7. Septic shock occurs when systemic infection triggers widespread vasodilation,
hypotension, and multi-organ dysfunction, requiring urgent intervention.
Q8. How does COPD impair gas exchange?
A8. Airway obstruction and alveolar destruction reduce oxygen diffusion, causing
hypoxemia and hypercapnia in patients.
Q9. Why is pain considered subjective?
A9. Pain perception varies by individual, influenced by biological, psychological, and
cultural factors, requiring self-report for accurate assessment.
Q10. Explain the role of the lymphatic system.
A10. It maintains fluid balance, transports immune cells, and filters pathogens, supporting
immune defense.
A pathology report identifies abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature
cells. How would the nurse best classify these changes? - ANSWER Dysplasia
