PATHOLOGY BOARD EXAMINATION m m
Instructions: Choose the best answer. m m m m
1. A 50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. If this person remains untreated for
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
years, which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the myocardium?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. atrophy
B. metaplasia
C. hypertrophy
D. dysplasia
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.7 m m m
2. On day 28 of her menstrual cycle, a 26-year old woman experiences menstrual bleeding
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
which lasts for 5 days. She has had regular cycles for many years. Which of the following
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
processes is most likely occurring in the endometrium just before onset of bleeding?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. apoptosis
B. heterophagocytosis
C. liquefactive necrosis m
D. hyperplasia
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.26-27 m m m m
3. At autopsy, a 60-year old man has an enlarged (2500 g) liver with yellow cut surface. Before
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
death, his total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normal, but he had decreased
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
serum albumin concentration and prolonged prothrombin time. Which of the following
m m m m m m m m m m m
activities most likely lead to these findings?
m m m m m m m
A. playing golf m
B. cigarette smoking m
C. drinking gin m
D. aspirin ingestion m
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.35-36 m m m
4. A 70-year old woman suddenly lost consciousness and on awakening one hour later, she
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
could not speak nor move her right arm and leg. Two months later, a head MRI showed a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
large cystic area in the left parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes has
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
most likely occurred in the brain?
m m m m m m
A. karyolysis
B. fat necrosis m
C. apoptosis
D. liquefactive necrosis m
Answer: D
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.22 m m m
6. A 21-year old woman complains of pain during menses (dysmenorrhea). To treat this
m m m m m m m m m m m m
symptom, she was advised to take indomethacin. This drug may help reduce her pain
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
because it interferes with the production of which one of the following substances?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. bradykinin
B. histamine
C. leukotrienes
D. estrogen
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.65 m m m
7. What type of leukocyte actively participates in acute inflammatory processes and contains
m m m m m m m m m m m
myeloperoxidase within its primary (azurophilic) granules and alkaline phosphates in its
m m m m m m m m m m m
secondary (specific) granules?
m m m
A. lymphocytes
B. neutrophils
C. eosinophils
D. monocytes
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.73 m m m
,8. A 3-year old child touches a lit candle. Within several hours, there is marked erythema of the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
skin of the fingers on the child’s left hand, and small blisters appear on the finger pads. Which
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
of the following terms best describe the process?
m m m m m m m m
A. fibrinous inflammation m
B. ulceration
C. abscess formation m
D. serous inflammation m
Answer: D
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.76 m m m
9. A woman who is allergic to cats visits a friend who keeps several pet cats. During the visit, she
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
inhales cat dander and within minutes, she develops nasal congestion and abundant nasal
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
secretions. Which of the following substances is most likely to produce these findings?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. tumor necrosis factor m m
B. bradykinin
C. histamine
D. complement C5a m
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.63 m m m m
10. After receiving incompatible blood, a patient develops a transfusion reaction in the form of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
back pain, fever, shortness of breath and hematuria. Which of the following statements
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
best classifies this type of immunologic reaction?
m m m m m m m
A. systemic anaphylactic reaction m m
B. complement-mediated cytotoxicity reaction m m
C. systemic immune complex reaction m m m
D. delayed type hypersensitivity reaction m m m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.210 m m m
12. A patient presents with a large wound on the left leg as a result of a vehicular accident.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Initially his wound is filled with granulation tissue, which is composed of proliferating
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
fibroblasts and new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Which of the following is a growth
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
factor that is capable of inducing all the steps necessary for angiogenesis?
m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. vascular endothelial growth factor m m m
B. platelet-derived growth factor m m
C. epidermal growth factor m m
D. transforming growth factor m m
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.95 m m m m
13. A 16-year old patient has lacerations on his hand which required sutures. The sutures
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
were removed after 10 days. Wound healing continued but the site was disfigured by a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
prominent, raised nodular scar which developed over the next 2 months. Which of the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
following terms best describes the process that occurred within this 2-month period?
m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. organization
B. resolution
C. keloid formation m
D. dehiscence
Answer: Cm m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.114 m m m
14. A 17-year old woman receiving corticosteroid therapy for an autoimmune disease has an
m m m m m m m m m m m m
abscess on her upper outer left arm. She undergoes a drainage procedure but the wound
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
heals poorly over the next month. Which of the following aspects of wound healing is most
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
likely to be deficient in this patient?
m m m m m m m
A. neutrophil infiltration m
B. collagen deposition m
C. re-epithelialization
D. fibroblast elaboration m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.114 m m m
15. Which of the following changes best describes the pathophysiology involved in the
m m m m m m m m m m m
production of pulmonary edema in patients with congestive heart failure?
m m m m m m m m m m
, D. increased hydrostatic pressure m m
Answer: D
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.122 m m m
16. A 23-year old medical student develops a “red” face after being asked a question during a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
lecture. Which of the following statements best describes the vascular reaction?
m m m m m m m m m m m
A. active hyperemia m
B. petechial hemorrhage m
C. allergic reaction m
D. passive congestion m
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.122 m m m
17. While preparing her lunch, a housewife nicks her finger with a knife. Seconds after the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
injury, the bleeding stops. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to reduce
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
blood loss from a small dermal arteriole?
m m m m m m m
A. protein C activation m m
B. vasoconstriction
C. neutrophil chemotaxis m
D. platelet aggregation m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.124 m m m
18. A 26-year old rock climber fractures his left femur after falling from a height of 20 meters. He
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
was hospitalized and over the next several days develops progressive respiratory problems.
m m m m m m m m m m m m
He died three days later. At the time of autopsy, oil red-O positive material is seen in the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
small blood vessels of the lungs and brain. Which of the following is the most likely
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
diagnosis?
m
A. air emboli m
B. padoxical emboli m
C. fat emboli m
D. saddle emboli m
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.136 m m m
19. A 23 –year old who had a myocardial infarction 1 year a year ago now has chest pain when
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
exercising. His underlying disease is due to an absence of LDL receptors on liver cells,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. Which of the following laboratory findings is
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
most likely to be present in this patient?
m m m m m m m m
A. ketonuria
B. hypercholesterolemia
C. hypoglycemia
D. abetalipoprotenemia
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.156 m m m
20. A 20-year old woman of average intelligence and short stature is being evaluated for
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
primary amenorrhea. Physical examination reveals a shield-shaped chest and her elbows
m m m m m m m m m m m
turn outward when her arms are at her sides. She has a “thick neck” and you notice the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
absence of secondary female sex characteristics. Serum estrogen levels are found to be
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
decreased, while FSH and LH levels are increased. Which of the following is the most likely
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
diagnosis?
m
A. Turner’s syndrome m
B. fragile X syndrome m m
C. Klinefelter’s syndrome m
D. XYY syndrome m
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.179 m m m
23. A 26-year old woman presents with increasing fatigue, arthritis, shortness of breath, and a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
bimalar, photosensitive erythematous rash. Biopsies from this rash reveal liquefactive
m m m m m m m m m m
degeneration of the basal layer of the epidermis with a perivascular lymphoid infiltrate.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Physical examination shows bilateral pleural effusions, the fluid from which when examined
m m m m m m m m m m m m
histologically reveals multiple erythrocytes phogocytized by phagocytic leukocytes. Which of
m m m m m m m m m m
the following is the most likely diagnosis?
m m m m m m m
, D. rheumatoid arthritis m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.227 m m m
25. A 36-year old man presents with a new onset of a “bulge” in his right inguinal area. This was
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
diagnosed as an inguinal hernia. The resected hernial sac contained some adipose
m m m m m m m m m m m m
. adipose tissue was sent to the laboratory for examination. Which of the following features
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
should be present to make a diagnosis of lipoma rather than normal adipose tissue?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. anaplasia
B. fibrous capsule m
C. prominent nucleoli m
D. uniform population of cells m m m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.270 m m m
26. A 23-year old woman has noted a palpable nodule on her neck for the past 3 months. On
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
physical examination, there is a 2-cm firm nontender nodule on the left lobe of the thyroid
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
gland. A fine needle biopsy of the nodule reveals cells consistent with thyroid carcinoma.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
No other family members are affected by this disorder. Which of the following is most
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
relevant in the woman’s past medical history?
m m m m m m m
A. exposure to polyvinyl compounds m m m
B. chronic alcoholism m
C. radiation exposure in childhood m m m
D. history of trauma m m
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.319 m m m
27. A 64-year old man has several episodes of hematuria in the past week. On physical
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
examination, there are no abnormal findings. A urinalysis shows 4+ hematuria and
m m m m m m m m m m m m
cytologic examination of the urine shows that atypical cells are present. A urologist
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
performs a cystoscopy and observes a 4 cm mass with a nodular, ulcerated surface in the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
dome of the bladder. Which of the following terms best describes this lesion?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. sarcoma
B. carcinoma
C. fibroma
D. papilloma
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.271 m m m
28. A 33-year old woman undergoes an annual physical examination and there are no abnormal
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
findings. A Pap smear was done as part of the pelvic examination. Cytologically, the cells
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
obtained from the cervical smear show severe epithelial dysplasia. Which of the following
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
statements best explains the significance of these findings?
m m m m m m m m
A. The lesion could progress to invasive cervical carcinoma
m m m m m m m
B. An ovarian teratoma is present
m m m m
C. There has been a regression of cervical carcinoma
m m m m m m m
D. Antibiotic therapy will cure the lesion m m m m m
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.275 m m m
29. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can produce a bleeding diathesis characterized by
m m m m m m m m m m m
hematomas, melena and bleeding gums by decreasing the normal gut flora and inducing a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
deficiency of which one of the following vitamins?
m m m m m m m m
A. Vitamin A m
B. Vitamin B m
C. Vitamin C m
D. Vitamin K m
Answer: D
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.456 m m m
33. An apathetic male infant from the slums is found to have peripheral edema, a “moon face,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
and an enlarged fatty liver. Which of the following is the basic defect causing this change in
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
the liver?
m m
A. Decreased fluid intake leads to hypernatremia m m m m m
B. Decreased carbohydrate intake leads to hypoglycemia m m m m m
Instructions: Choose the best answer. m m m m
1. A 50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. If this person remains untreated for
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
years, which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the myocardium?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. atrophy
B. metaplasia
C. hypertrophy
D. dysplasia
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.7 m m m
2. On day 28 of her menstrual cycle, a 26-year old woman experiences menstrual bleeding
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
which lasts for 5 days. She has had regular cycles for many years. Which of the following
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
processes is most likely occurring in the endometrium just before onset of bleeding?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. apoptosis
B. heterophagocytosis
C. liquefactive necrosis m
D. hyperplasia
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.26-27 m m m m
3. At autopsy, a 60-year old man has an enlarged (2500 g) liver with yellow cut surface. Before
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
death, his total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normal, but he had decreased
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
serum albumin concentration and prolonged prothrombin time. Which of the following
m m m m m m m m m m m
activities most likely lead to these findings?
m m m m m m m
A. playing golf m
B. cigarette smoking m
C. drinking gin m
D. aspirin ingestion m
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.35-36 m m m
4. A 70-year old woman suddenly lost consciousness and on awakening one hour later, she
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
could not speak nor move her right arm and leg. Two months later, a head MRI showed a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
large cystic area in the left parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes has
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
most likely occurred in the brain?
m m m m m m
A. karyolysis
B. fat necrosis m
C. apoptosis
D. liquefactive necrosis m
Answer: D
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.22 m m m
6. A 21-year old woman complains of pain during menses (dysmenorrhea). To treat this
m m m m m m m m m m m m
symptom, she was advised to take indomethacin. This drug may help reduce her pain
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
because it interferes with the production of which one of the following substances?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. bradykinin
B. histamine
C. leukotrienes
D. estrogen
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.65 m m m
7. What type of leukocyte actively participates in acute inflammatory processes and contains
m m m m m m m m m m m
myeloperoxidase within its primary (azurophilic) granules and alkaline phosphates in its
m m m m m m m m m m m
secondary (specific) granules?
m m m
A. lymphocytes
B. neutrophils
C. eosinophils
D. monocytes
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.73 m m m
,8. A 3-year old child touches a lit candle. Within several hours, there is marked erythema of the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
skin of the fingers on the child’s left hand, and small blisters appear on the finger pads. Which
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
of the following terms best describe the process?
m m m m m m m m
A. fibrinous inflammation m
B. ulceration
C. abscess formation m
D. serous inflammation m
Answer: D
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.76 m m m
9. A woman who is allergic to cats visits a friend who keeps several pet cats. During the visit, she
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
inhales cat dander and within minutes, she develops nasal congestion and abundant nasal
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
secretions. Which of the following substances is most likely to produce these findings?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. tumor necrosis factor m m
B. bradykinin
C. histamine
D. complement C5a m
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.63 m m m m
10. After receiving incompatible blood, a patient develops a transfusion reaction in the form of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
back pain, fever, shortness of breath and hematuria. Which of the following statements
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
best classifies this type of immunologic reaction?
m m m m m m m
A. systemic anaphylactic reaction m m
B. complement-mediated cytotoxicity reaction m m
C. systemic immune complex reaction m m m
D. delayed type hypersensitivity reaction m m m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.210 m m m
12. A patient presents with a large wound on the left leg as a result of a vehicular accident.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Initially his wound is filled with granulation tissue, which is composed of proliferating
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
fibroblasts and new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Which of the following is a growth
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
factor that is capable of inducing all the steps necessary for angiogenesis?
m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. vascular endothelial growth factor m m m
B. platelet-derived growth factor m m
C. epidermal growth factor m m
D. transforming growth factor m m
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.95 m m m m
13. A 16-year old patient has lacerations on his hand which required sutures. The sutures
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
were removed after 10 days. Wound healing continued but the site was disfigured by a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
prominent, raised nodular scar which developed over the next 2 months. Which of the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
following terms best describes the process that occurred within this 2-month period?
m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. organization
B. resolution
C. keloid formation m
D. dehiscence
Answer: Cm m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.114 m m m
14. A 17-year old woman receiving corticosteroid therapy for an autoimmune disease has an
m m m m m m m m m m m m
abscess on her upper outer left arm. She undergoes a drainage procedure but the wound
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
heals poorly over the next month. Which of the following aspects of wound healing is most
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
likely to be deficient in this patient?
m m m m m m m
A. neutrophil infiltration m
B. collagen deposition m
C. re-epithelialization
D. fibroblast elaboration m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.114 m m m
15. Which of the following changes best describes the pathophysiology involved in the
m m m m m m m m m m m
production of pulmonary edema in patients with congestive heart failure?
m m m m m m m m m m
, D. increased hydrostatic pressure m m
Answer: D
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.122 m m m
16. A 23-year old medical student develops a “red” face after being asked a question during a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
lecture. Which of the following statements best describes the vascular reaction?
m m m m m m m m m m m
A. active hyperemia m
B. petechial hemorrhage m
C. allergic reaction m
D. passive congestion m
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.122 m m m
17. While preparing her lunch, a housewife nicks her finger with a knife. Seconds after the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
injury, the bleeding stops. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to reduce
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
blood loss from a small dermal arteriole?
m m m m m m m
A. protein C activation m m
B. vasoconstriction
C. neutrophil chemotaxis m
D. platelet aggregation m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.124 m m m
18. A 26-year old rock climber fractures his left femur after falling from a height of 20 meters. He
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
was hospitalized and over the next several days develops progressive respiratory problems.
m m m m m m m m m m m m
He died three days later. At the time of autopsy, oil red-O positive material is seen in the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
small blood vessels of the lungs and brain. Which of the following is the most likely
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
diagnosis?
m
A. air emboli m
B. padoxical emboli m
C. fat emboli m
D. saddle emboli m
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.136 m m m
19. A 23 –year old who had a myocardial infarction 1 year a year ago now has chest pain when
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
exercising. His underlying disease is due to an absence of LDL receptors on liver cells,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. Which of the following laboratory findings is
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
most likely to be present in this patient?
m m m m m m m m
A. ketonuria
B. hypercholesterolemia
C. hypoglycemia
D. abetalipoprotenemia
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.156 m m m
20. A 20-year old woman of average intelligence and short stature is being evaluated for
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
primary amenorrhea. Physical examination reveals a shield-shaped chest and her elbows
m m m m m m m m m m m
turn outward when her arms are at her sides. She has a “thick neck” and you notice the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
absence of secondary female sex characteristics. Serum estrogen levels are found to be
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
decreased, while FSH and LH levels are increased. Which of the following is the most likely
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
diagnosis?
m
A. Turner’s syndrome m
B. fragile X syndrome m m
C. Klinefelter’s syndrome m
D. XYY syndrome m
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.179 m m m
23. A 26-year old woman presents with increasing fatigue, arthritis, shortness of breath, and a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
bimalar, photosensitive erythematous rash. Biopsies from this rash reveal liquefactive
m m m m m m m m m m
degeneration of the basal layer of the epidermis with a perivascular lymphoid infiltrate.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Physical examination shows bilateral pleural effusions, the fluid from which when examined
m m m m m m m m m m m m
histologically reveals multiple erythrocytes phogocytized by phagocytic leukocytes. Which of
m m m m m m m m m m
the following is the most likely diagnosis?
m m m m m m m
, D. rheumatoid arthritis m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.227 m m m
25. A 36-year old man presents with a new onset of a “bulge” in his right inguinal area. This was
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
diagnosed as an inguinal hernia. The resected hernial sac contained some adipose
m m m m m m m m m m m m
. adipose tissue was sent to the laboratory for examination. Which of the following features
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
should be present to make a diagnosis of lipoma rather than normal adipose tissue?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. anaplasia
B. fibrous capsule m
C. prominent nucleoli m
D. uniform population of cells m m m
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.270 m m m
26. A 23-year old woman has noted a palpable nodule on her neck for the past 3 months. On
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
physical examination, there is a 2-cm firm nontender nodule on the left lobe of the thyroid
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
gland. A fine needle biopsy of the nodule reveals cells consistent with thyroid carcinoma.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
No other family members are affected by this disorder. Which of the following is most
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
relevant in the woman’s past medical history?
m m m m m m m
A. exposure to polyvinyl compounds m m m
B. chronic alcoholism m
C. radiation exposure in childhood m m m
D. history of trauma m m
Answer: C
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.319 m m m
27. A 64-year old man has several episodes of hematuria in the past week. On physical
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
examination, there are no abnormal findings. A urinalysis shows 4+ hematuria and
m m m m m m m m m m m m
cytologic examination of the urine shows that atypical cells are present. A urologist
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
performs a cystoscopy and observes a 4 cm mass with a nodular, ulcerated surface in the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
dome of the bladder. Which of the following terms best describes this lesion?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
A. sarcoma
B. carcinoma
C. fibroma
D. papilloma
Answer: B
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.271 m m m
28. A 33-year old woman undergoes an annual physical examination and there are no abnormal
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
findings. A Pap smear was done as part of the pelvic examination. Cytologically, the cells
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
obtained from the cervical smear show severe epithelial dysplasia. Which of the following
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
statements best explains the significance of these findings?
m m m m m m m m
A. The lesion could progress to invasive cervical carcinoma
m m m m m m m
B. An ovarian teratoma is present
m m m m
C. There has been a regression of cervical carcinoma
m m m m m m m
D. Antibiotic therapy will cure the lesion m m m m m
Answer: A
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.275 m m m
29. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can produce a bleeding diathesis characterized by
m m m m m m m m m m m
hematomas, melena and bleeding gums by decreasing the normal gut flora and inducing a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
deficiency of which one of the following vitamins?
m m m m m m m m
A. Vitamin A m
B. Vitamin B m
C. Vitamin C m
D. Vitamin K m
Answer: D
m m
Reference: RPBD 7th p.456 m m m
33. An apathetic male infant from the slums is found to have peripheral edema, a “moon face,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
and an enlarged fatty liver. Which of the following is the basic defect causing this change in
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
the liver?
m m
A. Decreased fluid intake leads to hypernatremia m m m m m
B. Decreased carbohydrate intake leads to hypoglycemia m m m m m
