2025 NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Questions and Answers Latest () (Verified
Answers)
1. runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of
the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
ANS: Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
2. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initi-
ates an action potential?
ANS: Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
3. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype
would reveal which of the following?
ANS: Answer: XXY
4. A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what
is the nurse looking for?
ANS: Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
5. An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show
varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse
explain to the aide?
ANS: Answer: Expressivity
, 6. In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse
include regarding cholesterol?
ANS: Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte,
which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
7. When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse
respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene
ANS: Answer: Autosomal recessive
8. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?: -
ANS Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
9. The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular
cation as:
ANS: Answer: Sodium
10. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results
ANS in:: Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
11. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases?:
ANS Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are
believed to result from cell injury.
12. What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that re-
veals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome
present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced
carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
ANS: Answer: Turner syndrome
Questions and Answers Latest () (Verified
Answers)
1. runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of
the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
ANS: Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
2. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initi-
ates an action potential?
ANS: Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
3. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype
would reveal which of the following?
ANS: Answer: XXY
4. A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what
is the nurse looking for?
ANS: Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
5. An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show
varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse
explain to the aide?
ANS: Answer: Expressivity
, 6. In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse
include regarding cholesterol?
ANS: Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte,
which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
7. When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse
respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene
ANS: Answer: Autosomal recessive
8. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?: -
ANS Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
9. The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular
cation as:
ANS: Answer: Sodium
10. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results
ANS in:: Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
11. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases?:
ANS Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are
believed to result from cell injury.
12. What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that re-
veals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome
present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced
carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
ANS: Answer: Turner syndrome
