Psych EOR ROSH REVIEW |\ |\ |\ |\
questions with answers |\ |\
Lacrimation (B) and piloerection (C) are clinical |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
manifestations associated with ________withdrawal. |\ |\ |\
opioid
withdrawal include gastrointestinal distress (abdominal cramps,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), flu-like symptoms (rhinorrhea,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diaphoresis, and shivering), sympathetic and central nervous
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
system arousal (mydriasis, mild hypertension and tachycardia,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
anxiety and irritability, insomnia, agitation, restless legs
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
syndrome, general restlessness, and tremor), yawning, sneezing,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
anorexia, dizziness, myalgias, and leg cramp
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Lithium causes __?__. |\ |\
Kidney issue or hepatic issue?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Lithium is classically known to cause a decline in kidney
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
function over time. The risk factors for this decline include
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
prolonged use, higher serum concentrations, older age, medical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
comorbidities, and a lower baseline glomerular filtration rate. The |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
other adverse effects of lithium include nausea, tremor,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
polyuria, thirst, loose stools, weight gain, and cognitive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impairment. Lithium can also adversely affect the thyroid gland
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
over time. Patients who are treated with lithium should have their
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood urea nitrogen and creatinine checked every 2 months for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the first 6 months and then every 6–12 months thereafter.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Valproate can cause hepatotoxicity and is avoided in women of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
childbearing age due to teratogenicity. |\ |\ |\ |\
,Question: Which medications are known to increase lithium
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
levels? |\
Answer:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, |\ |\
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, |\ |\
thiazide diuretics, |\
tetracycline,
metronidazole.
What is the mechanism of action of methylphenidate?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Answer: Blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
MOA of amphetamine?
|\ |\
Block reuptake of NE/DA, also causes the NE/DA reuptake
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transporters to work in reverse, releasing more NT into the cleft.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
.
Amphetamines are lipophilic compounds that readily cross the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood-brain barrier and result in the stimulation of alpha- and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
beta-adrenergic receptors. Phenylethylamines cause the release |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine and also inhibit
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reuptake.
First-line therapy for agitation is IV benzodiazepines, which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
also treat the hypertension and seizures often seen in these
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
patients. Benzodiazepines can also lessen the excessive muscle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
activity that generates heat contributing to hyperthermia. In
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
some cases of hyperthermia, neuromuscular paralysis and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
evaporative cooling or ice packs may also be necessary. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are some medications that may cause a false positive for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
amphetamines on a drug test? |\ |\ |\ |\
Answer: |\
Bupropion, |\
,Parkinson agent selegiline, |\ |\ |\
cold preparations containing pseudoephedrine.
|\ |\ |\
How long qualify delusion disorder?
|\ |\ |\ |\
presence of one or more delusions with a duration of 1
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
month or longer, schizophrenia criteria has never been met,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
functioning is not markedly impaired apart from delusions |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and their behavioral ramifications, any manic or depressive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
episodes have been brief relative to the duration of the delusion,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and the disturbance cannot be better attributed to a substance,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
medical condition, or another mental disorder.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
erotomanic
grandiose
persecutory
jealous
mixed
somatic
unspecified
Firstline for delusion disorder? |\ |\ |\
Antipsychotic medications are first-line treatment for |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
delusional disorder. Those with fewer side effects (e.g., |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
aripiprazole, ziprasidone) should be considered with a low |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
initial dose and gradual dosage increases over several days or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
weeks. Psychosocial interventions include cognitive behavioral
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
therapy, core family therapy, and supportive therapy.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Dx for OCPD?
|\ |\
Diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disorder show a pervasive preoccupation with orderliness,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
perfectionism, and mental or interpersonal control at the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, expense of flexibility. It must be present by early adulthood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and be present in a variety of contexts as indicated by four or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
more of the following criteria: perfectionism that interferes with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
task completion; preoccupation with details, lists, rules,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
organization, order, or schedules so much so that the major point |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of the activity is lost; overconscientiousness, inflexibility, or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
scrupulousness about matters of ethics, morality, or values; |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
excessive devotion to work and productivity at the exclusion of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
leisure activities and friends; inability to discard old, worn out, or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
worthless objects; miserly spending toward self and others, as|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
money is something to be hoarded toward future catastrophes;
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inability or reluctance to delegate work or tasks to others unless
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
they do things exactly the way they are told to; and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stubbornness and rigidity. |\ |\ |\
Pharmacotherapy is not recommended, as it has not been |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
shown to be an effective treatment. Psychotherapy, either
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
group or individual, can be difficult, as many patients do not see
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a problem with their behaviors and ideas.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnostic criteria Schizophrenia dx |\ |\ |\
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
delusions, while negative symptoms present as flattened |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
affect, alogia, apathy, and anhedonia. Patients with schizophrenia
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
often display disorganized speech, including tangential
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
speech, circumstantial speech, derailment, neologisms, and word
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
salad. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, patients must present with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
at least 1 month of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
speech in addition to either negative symptoms or grossly
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disorganized or catatonic behavior. |\ |\ |\
Functional capacity must be impaired by these symptoms for a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
period of at least 6 months (wherein at least 1 month consists of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the active-phase symptoms described above).
|\ |\ |\ |\
questions with answers |\ |\
Lacrimation (B) and piloerection (C) are clinical |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
manifestations associated with ________withdrawal. |\ |\ |\
opioid
withdrawal include gastrointestinal distress (abdominal cramps,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), flu-like symptoms (rhinorrhea,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diaphoresis, and shivering), sympathetic and central nervous
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
system arousal (mydriasis, mild hypertension and tachycardia,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
anxiety and irritability, insomnia, agitation, restless legs
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
syndrome, general restlessness, and tremor), yawning, sneezing,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
anorexia, dizziness, myalgias, and leg cramp
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Lithium causes __?__. |\ |\
Kidney issue or hepatic issue?
|\ |\ |\ |\
Lithium is classically known to cause a decline in kidney
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
function over time. The risk factors for this decline include
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
prolonged use, higher serum concentrations, older age, medical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
comorbidities, and a lower baseline glomerular filtration rate. The |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
other adverse effects of lithium include nausea, tremor,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
polyuria, thirst, loose stools, weight gain, and cognitive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impairment. Lithium can also adversely affect the thyroid gland
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
over time. Patients who are treated with lithium should have their
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood urea nitrogen and creatinine checked every 2 months for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the first 6 months and then every 6–12 months thereafter.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Valproate can cause hepatotoxicity and is avoided in women of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
childbearing age due to teratogenicity. |\ |\ |\ |\
,Question: Which medications are known to increase lithium
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
levels? |\
Answer:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, |\ |\
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, |\ |\
thiazide diuretics, |\
tetracycline,
metronidazole.
What is the mechanism of action of methylphenidate?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Answer: Blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
MOA of amphetamine?
|\ |\
Block reuptake of NE/DA, also causes the NE/DA reuptake
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transporters to work in reverse, releasing more NT into the cleft.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
.
Amphetamines are lipophilic compounds that readily cross the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood-brain barrier and result in the stimulation of alpha- and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
beta-adrenergic receptors. Phenylethylamines cause the release |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine and also inhibit
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reuptake.
First-line therapy for agitation is IV benzodiazepines, which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
also treat the hypertension and seizures often seen in these
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
patients. Benzodiazepines can also lessen the excessive muscle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
activity that generates heat contributing to hyperthermia. In
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
some cases of hyperthermia, neuromuscular paralysis and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
evaporative cooling or ice packs may also be necessary. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are some medications that may cause a false positive for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
amphetamines on a drug test? |\ |\ |\ |\
Answer: |\
Bupropion, |\
,Parkinson agent selegiline, |\ |\ |\
cold preparations containing pseudoephedrine.
|\ |\ |\
How long qualify delusion disorder?
|\ |\ |\ |\
presence of one or more delusions with a duration of 1
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
month or longer, schizophrenia criteria has never been met,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
functioning is not markedly impaired apart from delusions |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and their behavioral ramifications, any manic or depressive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
episodes have been brief relative to the duration of the delusion,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and the disturbance cannot be better attributed to a substance,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
medical condition, or another mental disorder.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
erotomanic
grandiose
persecutory
jealous
mixed
somatic
unspecified
Firstline for delusion disorder? |\ |\ |\
Antipsychotic medications are first-line treatment for |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
delusional disorder. Those with fewer side effects (e.g., |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
aripiprazole, ziprasidone) should be considered with a low |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
initial dose and gradual dosage increases over several days or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
weeks. Psychosocial interventions include cognitive behavioral
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
therapy, core family therapy, and supportive therapy.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Dx for OCPD?
|\ |\
Diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disorder show a pervasive preoccupation with orderliness,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
perfectionism, and mental or interpersonal control at the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, expense of flexibility. It must be present by early adulthood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and be present in a variety of contexts as indicated by four or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
more of the following criteria: perfectionism that interferes with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
task completion; preoccupation with details, lists, rules,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
organization, order, or schedules so much so that the major point |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of the activity is lost; overconscientiousness, inflexibility, or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
scrupulousness about matters of ethics, morality, or values; |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
excessive devotion to work and productivity at the exclusion of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
leisure activities and friends; inability to discard old, worn out, or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
worthless objects; miserly spending toward self and others, as|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
money is something to be hoarded toward future catastrophes;
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inability or reluctance to delegate work or tasks to others unless
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
they do things exactly the way they are told to; and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stubbornness and rigidity. |\ |\ |\
Pharmacotherapy is not recommended, as it has not been |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
shown to be an effective treatment. Psychotherapy, either
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
group or individual, can be difficult, as many patients do not see
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a problem with their behaviors and ideas.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnostic criteria Schizophrenia dx |\ |\ |\
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
delusions, while negative symptoms present as flattened |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
affect, alogia, apathy, and anhedonia. Patients with schizophrenia
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
often display disorganized speech, including tangential
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
speech, circumstantial speech, derailment, neologisms, and word
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
salad. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, patients must present with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
at least 1 month of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
speech in addition to either negative symptoms or grossly
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disorganized or catatonic behavior. |\ |\ |\
Functional capacity must be impaired by these symptoms for a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
period of at least 6 months (wherein at least 1 month consists of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the active-phase symptoms described above).
|\ |\ |\ |\
