Biology 1 final exam Study guide / Questions &
Definitive Solutions | All Questions and Correct
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Write the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration, then explain how
they relate to the respiratory and circulatory systems. -
(ANSWER)Photosynthesis: Water + sunlight + carbon dioxide = Glucose + Oxygen
Cellular Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen = ATP + carbon dioxide
The oxygen released by photosynthesizing plants is taken in by the respiratory
system and distributed through the circulatory system.
Our cells go through cellular respiration to complete bodily functions and release
carbon dioxide as a waste product, first through the circulatory system and then
through the respiratory system.
What is the purpose of the respiratory system? How does the circulatory relate to
this - (ANSWER)The respiratory system allows people to take in oxygen and
release carbon dioxide. The circulatory system transports oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nutrients, and waste throughout the body.
Put the following structures in the correct order in which oxygen molecules pass
through on their way into the blood and define them: larynx, trachea, alveoli,
pharynx, bronchi, nasal cavity, bronchioles - (ANSWER)1. Nasal cavity (opening to
the body)
,2. Pharynx (throat)
3. Larynx (vocal cords)
4. Trachea (windpipe)
5. Bronchi (two passageways that diverge the trachea to the lungs)
6. Bronchioles (branches off of the bronchi that lead to the alveoli)
7. Alveoli (air sacs that store carbon dioxide and oxygen)
What important event occurs in the alveoli of the lungs? Why must capillaries
surround the alveoli in order for this to happen? - (ANSWER)When blood gets to
the lungs through the pulmonary artery, it releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli
through the capillaries (which allow for gas diffusion) and take in the oxygen
already stored in the alveoli.
Describe the relationship between atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary
pressure (the pressure inside the lungs) and the movements of the diaphragm
and rib cage during both inspiration (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing out).
- (ANSWER)The concentration gradient of oxygen goes from a high concentration
to a low concentration. When the atmospheric pressure is higher than the
intrapulmonary pressure, oxygen tends to move more towards the latter, but
when the case is opposite, the person needs to put more energy into going
against the gradient. This explains why it is more difficult to breathe at higher
altitudes.
During inhalation, the diaphragm moves downwards to decrease the pressure low
enough to where the concentration gradient sends oxygen in. To make enough
space, the rib cage moves outwards. During exhalation, the diaphragm moves
upwards and the rib cage moves inwards.
, Describe the difference between arteries and veins with regard to
(a) the direction that they carry blood in relation to the heart, (b) the pressure of
the blood that they carry, and (c), their structure. - (ANSWER)(a) Arteries carry
blood away from the heart and veins carry blood towards the heart.
(b) Arteries carry high pressure blood and veins carry low pressure blood.
(c) Arteries have thicker and more muscular walls. To compensate, veins have
valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
What is the role of capillaries? How does their structure allow them to carry out
this function? - (ANSWER)Capillaries are blood vessels about a cell wide thick that
allow for the diffusion of substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide from a
structure to a part of the circulatory system and vise versa.
What is the role of the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) and semilunar valves
(aortic and pulmonary)? - (ANSWER)The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood
from the ventricles to the atriums, while the semilunar valves prevent the
backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles.
What is blood pressure? What is the difference between systolic and diastolic
pressure? What effect does chronic high blood pressure (hypertension) have on
the heart? On arteries? - (ANSWER)Blood pressure is the force applied to a blood
vessel by the bloodstream, often measured by the arteries closest to the heart.
Systolic pressure is when the heart contracts, pushing blood through the
Definitive Solutions | All Questions and Correct
Answers | Verified Answers | Just Released | Newest
Version
Write the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration, then explain how
they relate to the respiratory and circulatory systems. -
(ANSWER)Photosynthesis: Water + sunlight + carbon dioxide = Glucose + Oxygen
Cellular Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen = ATP + carbon dioxide
The oxygen released by photosynthesizing plants is taken in by the respiratory
system and distributed through the circulatory system.
Our cells go through cellular respiration to complete bodily functions and release
carbon dioxide as a waste product, first through the circulatory system and then
through the respiratory system.
What is the purpose of the respiratory system? How does the circulatory relate to
this - (ANSWER)The respiratory system allows people to take in oxygen and
release carbon dioxide. The circulatory system transports oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nutrients, and waste throughout the body.
Put the following structures in the correct order in which oxygen molecules pass
through on their way into the blood and define them: larynx, trachea, alveoli,
pharynx, bronchi, nasal cavity, bronchioles - (ANSWER)1. Nasal cavity (opening to
the body)
,2. Pharynx (throat)
3. Larynx (vocal cords)
4. Trachea (windpipe)
5. Bronchi (two passageways that diverge the trachea to the lungs)
6. Bronchioles (branches off of the bronchi that lead to the alveoli)
7. Alveoli (air sacs that store carbon dioxide and oxygen)
What important event occurs in the alveoli of the lungs? Why must capillaries
surround the alveoli in order for this to happen? - (ANSWER)When blood gets to
the lungs through the pulmonary artery, it releases carbon dioxide into the alveoli
through the capillaries (which allow for gas diffusion) and take in the oxygen
already stored in the alveoli.
Describe the relationship between atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary
pressure (the pressure inside the lungs) and the movements of the diaphragm
and rib cage during both inspiration (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing out).
- (ANSWER)The concentration gradient of oxygen goes from a high concentration
to a low concentration. When the atmospheric pressure is higher than the
intrapulmonary pressure, oxygen tends to move more towards the latter, but
when the case is opposite, the person needs to put more energy into going
against the gradient. This explains why it is more difficult to breathe at higher
altitudes.
During inhalation, the diaphragm moves downwards to decrease the pressure low
enough to where the concentration gradient sends oxygen in. To make enough
space, the rib cage moves outwards. During exhalation, the diaphragm moves
upwards and the rib cage moves inwards.
, Describe the difference between arteries and veins with regard to
(a) the direction that they carry blood in relation to the heart, (b) the pressure of
the blood that they carry, and (c), their structure. - (ANSWER)(a) Arteries carry
blood away from the heart and veins carry blood towards the heart.
(b) Arteries carry high pressure blood and veins carry low pressure blood.
(c) Arteries have thicker and more muscular walls. To compensate, veins have
valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
What is the role of capillaries? How does their structure allow them to carry out
this function? - (ANSWER)Capillaries are blood vessels about a cell wide thick that
allow for the diffusion of substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide from a
structure to a part of the circulatory system and vise versa.
What is the role of the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) and semilunar valves
(aortic and pulmonary)? - (ANSWER)The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood
from the ventricles to the atriums, while the semilunar valves prevent the
backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles.
What is blood pressure? What is the difference between systolic and diastolic
pressure? What effect does chronic high blood pressure (hypertension) have on
the heart? On arteries? - (ANSWER)Blood pressure is the force applied to a blood
vessel by the bloodstream, often measured by the arteries closest to the heart.
Systolic pressure is when the heart contracts, pushing blood through the
