Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\




Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The process in which |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


medications move through the body |\ |\ |\ |\




What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
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Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔happens with drug |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


movement from the GI tract into the bloodstream. Most meds are
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taken by mouth.
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Oral absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Takes awhile to get
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absorbed because it has to go through the GI system
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Usually takes 2-4 hours |\ |\ |\ |\




•Enteric coated |\




|\ aspirin - hard on stomach
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|\ can not crush pill
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•Extended release |\




|\ absorbed in the small intestine |\ |\ |\ |\




IM absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Absorbed 1-2 hours
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,IV absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Absorbed 30-60 minutes
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dissolution - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dissolution happens when a|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


po medication breaks down into particles, disintegrates, and
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dissolves to combine with liquid so absorption from the GI tract
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into the bloodstream occurs.
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Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can
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interfere with the absorption of drugs. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Drugs that resist dissolution - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Parenteral
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medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal) do not pass |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


through the GI tract. |\ |\ |\ |\




Enteric coated medications are designed to resist disintegration
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until the pill reaches the small intestine. EC and sustained
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release meds should not be crushed.
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Factors that affect absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔•Lack of
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muscle and increased fat changes medicine absorption
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•Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
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•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
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•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
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•Antacid changes absorption |\ |\




•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
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Excipients - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fillers and other substances
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that make up tablets as a pill is not 100% drug.
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,Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a drug such |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


as with PCN, which is not well absorbed from the GI tract.
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Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase
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the absorption of PCN
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first pass effect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔•the oral drugs go to
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liver via portal vein where some of the drug becomes inactive
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•Only happens with oral medications
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delayed gastric emptying - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Food doesn't
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move like it should |\ |\ |\




Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔refers to the movement of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


the drug from the circulation to body tissues
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Factors affecting distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-blood flow
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to tissues
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-protein binding |\




-blood brain barrier |\ |\




-drug's affinity to the tissue |\ |\ |\ |\




protein binding - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Drugs bind with proteins
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in blood
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Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly
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protein bound |\




free drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔drugs not bound to protein
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, Drug Toxicity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Two highly protein bound
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drugs compete and one might accumulate and cause a toxicity
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-it is important to know if you are administering highly protein
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bound medications and monitor albumin levels in patients with
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liver or kidney disease.
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-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
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Furosemide |\




Diazepam


Drug distribution and albumin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-A
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decrease in albumin levels decrease the protein-binding sites,
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which means more of the free drug is circulated.
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-This can be fatal with some meds.
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-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are
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active in the body and cause a pharmacologic response.
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-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or
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kidney disease have low albumin levels.
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Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-The BBB
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protects the brain from most drugs. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




-Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
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-Drugs can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or
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alter fetal growth and development.
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Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔•Chemically changes drug |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


to a form that can be excreted
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