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Exam (elaborations)

TEST BANK McCance Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (9TH) by Julia Rogers + NCLEX Case Studies with Answers

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TEST BANK McCance Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (9TH) by Julia Rogers + NCLEX Case Studies with Answers

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McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
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August 25, 2025
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2025/2026
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CHAPTER 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY
DD DD DD

,MULTIPLE CHOICE dd




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


a. Cells can produce proteins. dd c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d.
dd Cells can synthesize fats.
dd dd dd d d dd dd dd




ANS: C dd




In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



theirsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
dd d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



cellular metabolic absorption.
dd dd dd




PTS: dd dd d d 1 REF: d d Page 2 dd




2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome dd dd d d




ANS: C dd




The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



cell’s genetic information.
dd dd dd




PTS: dd dd d d 1 REF: d d Page 2 dd




3. Which component of the cell prodNuU
dd ceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CenOM
peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


dd to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes d d




ANS: B dd




Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd

, digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomesare involved in enzyme production.
dd dd dd dd d dd dd dd dd




PTS: dd dd d d 1 REF: d d Page 8
dd




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


dd during cellinjury?
dd d


a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
dd dd


b. Golgi complex dd d. Lysosomes
d d




ANS: D dd

, The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


describe thisprocess.
dd dd d




PTS: dd dd d d 1 REF: d d Pages 7-8 dd




5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
dd d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


to theribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle
dd dd d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


to the cell membrane.
dd dd dd dd


b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


membrane to the cellmembrane.
dd dd dd dd d


c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


cell membrane.
dd dd


d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


membrane.
dd




ANS: A dd




The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



ribosomefor synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
dd d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd




NURSINGTB.COM

PTS: dd dd d d 1 REF: d d Page 7 | Figure 1-5 dd dd dd dd




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M d d




ANS: B dd




The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd


is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



(2) the S phase(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus;
dd dd dd dd d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



(3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd



phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd

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