QUANTITATIVE METHODS TEST LATEST COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT ANSWERS|/ALREADY GRADED A

QUANTITATIVE METHODS TEST LATEST COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT ANSWERS|/ALREADY
GRADED A


1. Define basic research (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER the study of psychological issues in order to
seek knowledge for its own sake; research that concerns describing, predicting, and explaining
the fundamental principles of behavior and mental processes (Goodwin, 2010)



2. Define applied research (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER The study of psychological issues that have
practical significance and potential solutions; research that has direct and immediate relevance
to the solution of real-world problems (Goodwin, 2010)



3. What are the four goals of science (Jackson, 2010; Goodwin, 2010) - ANSWER 1. Description
(carefully observing behavior in order to describe it);
2. Prediction (identifying the factors that indicate when an event or events will occur);
3. Explanation (identifying the causes that determine when and why a behavior occurs)
4. Application (Goodwin, 2010) (to apply knowledge derived from research to better the lives of
people)



4. What are the three types of descriptive methods that psychologists use (Jackson, 2010) -
ANSWER 1. observational method (making observations of human or other animal behavior)
2. case study method (an in-depth study of one or more individuals
3. survey method (questioning individuals on a topic or topics and then describing their
responses



5. What are the two types of observational methods that psychologists use (Jackson, 2010) -
ANSWER (a) naturalistic (field) observation (observing the behavior of humans or other animals
in their natural habitats) and



6. (b) laboratory observation (observing the behavior of humans or other animals in a contrived
and controlled situation, usually the laboratory)



7. Quantitative research (Goodwin, 2010) - ANSWER Data are collected and presented in the form
of numbers

,8. Qualitative research (Goodwin, 2010) - ANSWER studies that collect data from multiple sources
and presents in analytical narratives that summarize the study's main outcomes



9. Define sample (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER the group of people who participate in a study



10. Define population (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER all the people about whom a study is meant to
generalize



11. Define random sample (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER a sample achieved through random selection
in which each member of the population is equally likely to be chosen



12. What are the two types of predictive (relational) methods that psychologists use (Jackson, 2010)
- ANSWER 1. correlational method
13. 2. quasi-experimental method



14. Define correlational method (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER a method that assesses the degree of
relationship between two variables -- if correlated, can predict from one variable to the other
with a certain degree of accuracy and can indicate a positive or negative relationship in which an
increase in one is accompanied by an increase in other or an increase in one is accompanied by a
decrease in the other



15. Define quasi-experimental method (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER research that compares naturally
occurring groups of individuals the variable of interest cannot be manipulated; where the type of
variable used and described is a subject or participant variable, which is a characteristic of the
participants that cannot be changed



16. What are the weaknesses of predictive research methods (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER these
methods are subject to alternative explanation or the idea that another uncontrolled,
extraneous variable may be responsible for an observed relationship



17. Describe the features of the explanatory method that psychologists use (Jackson, 2010) -
ANSWER 1. experimental method =
2. manipulate IV
3. dependent variable -
4. random assignment =

, 5. control =



18. Define experimental method (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER a research method that allows a
researcher to establish a cause-and-effect relationship through manipulation of a variable and
control of the situation



19. Define independent variable (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER the variable in a study that is
manipulated by researcher; has to have at least two groups or conditions, typically referred to as
the control group and the experimental group



20. Define dependent variable (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER the variable in a study that is measured by
the researcher



21. Define random assignment (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER assigning participants to conditions in
such a way that each has the same probability as all others of being placed in any condition



22. Define "control" in the experimental method (Jackson, 2010) - ANSWER manipulating the IV in
an experiment or limiting any other extraneous variables that could affect the results of a study



23. Define theory (Goodwin, 2010) - ANSWER a set of logically consistent statements about some
phenomenon that (a) best summarizes existing empirical knowledge of the phenomenon, (b)
organizes this knowledge in the form of precise statements of relationships among variables, (c)
provides a tentative explanation for the phenomenon, and (d) serves as the basis for making
predictions about behavior



24. What are the limits to the explanatory nature of the experimental method (Jackson, 2010) -
ANSWER not trying to prove theories true; theories can be supported by the data; test a
hypothesis by attempting to falsify or disconfirm it -- if it can't be falsified, then we say we have
support for it



25. What is deduction (Goodwin, 2010) - ANSWER reasoning from a set of general statements
toward the prediction 0f some specific event; i.e., if theory is correct then research outcome X
can be predicted and should occur with some probability greater than chance