EMT Academy Exam 2 (chapters 7/8/9/10/11/12/13)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f530tm
1. Pathophysiology: the study of how disease processes affect the function of the
body and injury
2. hypotonic: too much water; bursts and dies
3. isotonic: equal water
4. hypertonic: no water; shrivel up
5. anaerobic products: lactic acid
6. aerobic products: CO2 and H2O
7. homeostasis: regulated by the medulla oblongata
8. 88 mmHg: proper brain perfusion
9. parasympathetic: reduces heart rate and BP
10. sympathetic: increases heart rate and BP
11. Epi and NP: produced by the adrenal glands; constricts blood vessels, dilates
pupils, heart pumps harder/faster, branchial tubes dialate
12. respiration: delivering oxygen to cells and removes CO2
13. ventilation: air moving in and out of lungs
14. perfusion: movement of oxygenated blood to body cells
15. tidal volume: volume of air moving in and out during each breath cycle
16. TV=: 500mL
17. minute volume: amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute
18. MV=: TV x respiratory rate
19. change in TV: decreases minute volume
20. respiratory dysfunction: occurs any time something interferes with minute
volume; stroke, infection, drugs, trauma
21. hypoxia: low O2 levels
22. hypercapnia: high CO2 levels
23. brain: stimulates respiratory system to increase rate and tidal volume
24. arteries: oxy blood away from heart to body
25. veins: deoxy blood from body. back to heart
26. loss of tone: vessels lose the ability to constrict and dilate, the pressure and
perfusion decreases; caused by trauma, infection, and allergic reactions
27. excessive permeability: capillaries leak fluid (plasma) out of their walls
28. hypertension: abnormally high blood pressure
29. Cardio Output: heart rate x stroke volume
30. Pump with average stroke volume 9output) of about ______mL blood per
contraction: 70
31. preload: amount of blood returning to heart
32. contractility: How hard the heart squeezes
33. afterload: pressure the heart has to pump against to force blood out of the
system
1/6
, EMT Academy Exam 2 (chapters 7/8/9/10/11/12/13)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f530tm
34. Reduce in cardiac output: slowing heart rate or decreasing stroke volume; it is
beating to fast to fill
35. pediatric compensation: relay on fast heart rate
36. cardiopulmonary system: must be a balance between ventilation and perfu-
sion for system to work properly; V/Q match
37. hypoperfusion: inadequate perfusion and breakdown of systems
38. hypovolemic: low blood volume
39. distributive: low vessel tone
40. cariogenic: heart fails to pump
41. obstructive: blood cannot flow
42. compensated shock: mental change, increased HR, increased RR, decrease
capillary refill time, pale, cool, sweating
43. decompensated shock: decreased BP and altered mental status
44. irreversible shock: inadequate perfusion of organ systems being to die
45. body is ____ % water: 60
46. edema: puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
47. infancy age: birth to 1 year
48. in infancy...: airway in narrow, short, easily obstructed, nose and diaphragm
used for breathing
49. fontanelles: fused by the age of about 18 months
50. toddler phase: 12-36 months
51. in toddlers...: higher body temp, most susceptible to illness, and more complex
understanding occurs
52. preschool age: 3-5 years
53. during preschool age....: interactive social skill start to develop offering peer
interactions
54. school age: 6-12 years
55. during school age....: higher body temp, decision making skills, self-esteem,
and moral reasoning and development occur
56. adolescence: 13-18 years
57. during adolescence: rapid growth spurts, sexual maturity and secondary sex-
ual development, independence , and body image develop; often injured because
of risk taking
58. early adulthood: 19-40 years
59. during early adulthood....: lifelong habits are formed and peak physical condi-
tions occur; accidents are leading cause of death
60. middle adulthood: 41-60 years
61. during middle adulthood: weight control is harder to manage and health prob-
lems may being to occur
2/6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f530tm
1. Pathophysiology: the study of how disease processes affect the function of the
body and injury
2. hypotonic: too much water; bursts and dies
3. isotonic: equal water
4. hypertonic: no water; shrivel up
5. anaerobic products: lactic acid
6. aerobic products: CO2 and H2O
7. homeostasis: regulated by the medulla oblongata
8. 88 mmHg: proper brain perfusion
9. parasympathetic: reduces heart rate and BP
10. sympathetic: increases heart rate and BP
11. Epi and NP: produced by the adrenal glands; constricts blood vessels, dilates
pupils, heart pumps harder/faster, branchial tubes dialate
12. respiration: delivering oxygen to cells and removes CO2
13. ventilation: air moving in and out of lungs
14. perfusion: movement of oxygenated blood to body cells
15. tidal volume: volume of air moving in and out during each breath cycle
16. TV=: 500mL
17. minute volume: amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute
18. MV=: TV x respiratory rate
19. change in TV: decreases minute volume
20. respiratory dysfunction: occurs any time something interferes with minute
volume; stroke, infection, drugs, trauma
21. hypoxia: low O2 levels
22. hypercapnia: high CO2 levels
23. brain: stimulates respiratory system to increase rate and tidal volume
24. arteries: oxy blood away from heart to body
25. veins: deoxy blood from body. back to heart
26. loss of tone: vessels lose the ability to constrict and dilate, the pressure and
perfusion decreases; caused by trauma, infection, and allergic reactions
27. excessive permeability: capillaries leak fluid (plasma) out of their walls
28. hypertension: abnormally high blood pressure
29. Cardio Output: heart rate x stroke volume
30. Pump with average stroke volume 9output) of about ______mL blood per
contraction: 70
31. preload: amount of blood returning to heart
32. contractility: How hard the heart squeezes
33. afterload: pressure the heart has to pump against to force blood out of the
system
1/6
, EMT Academy Exam 2 (chapters 7/8/9/10/11/12/13)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f530tm
34. Reduce in cardiac output: slowing heart rate or decreasing stroke volume; it is
beating to fast to fill
35. pediatric compensation: relay on fast heart rate
36. cardiopulmonary system: must be a balance between ventilation and perfu-
sion for system to work properly; V/Q match
37. hypoperfusion: inadequate perfusion and breakdown of systems
38. hypovolemic: low blood volume
39. distributive: low vessel tone
40. cariogenic: heart fails to pump
41. obstructive: blood cannot flow
42. compensated shock: mental change, increased HR, increased RR, decrease
capillary refill time, pale, cool, sweating
43. decompensated shock: decreased BP and altered mental status
44. irreversible shock: inadequate perfusion of organ systems being to die
45. body is ____ % water: 60
46. edema: puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
47. infancy age: birth to 1 year
48. in infancy...: airway in narrow, short, easily obstructed, nose and diaphragm
used for breathing
49. fontanelles: fused by the age of about 18 months
50. toddler phase: 12-36 months
51. in toddlers...: higher body temp, most susceptible to illness, and more complex
understanding occurs
52. preschool age: 3-5 years
53. during preschool age....: interactive social skill start to develop offering peer
interactions
54. school age: 6-12 years
55. during school age....: higher body temp, decision making skills, self-esteem,
and moral reasoning and development occur
56. adolescence: 13-18 years
57. during adolescence: rapid growth spurts, sexual maturity and secondary sex-
ual development, independence , and body image develop; often injured because
of risk taking
58. early adulthood: 19-40 years
59. during early adulthood....: lifelong habits are formed and peak physical condi-
tions occur; accidents are leading cause of death
60. middle adulthood: 41-60 years
61. during middle adulthood: weight control is harder to manage and health prob-
lems may being to occur
2/6
