HESI/SAUNDERS MODULE 7: BASIC CARE AND COMFORT
PRACTICE EXAM WITH WELL DETAILED QUESTION & ANSWERS
PERFECTLY A+ GRADED WITH RATIONALE
The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension about foods that are low in sodium. Which
menu selections by the client indicate to the nurse that the client understands what has been
taught? Select all that apply.
a. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes
b. Boiled lobster with baked potato
c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens
d. Instant hot cereal with bacon
e. Tomato soup with a ham sandwich CORRECT ANSWER>>>>a. Spaghetti with fresh
tomatoes
c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens
Rationale: Foods that are lower in sodium include fruits and vegetables, which do not contain
physiologic saline. Fresh poultry and pastas are also low in sodium. Highly processed and
refined foods and luncheon meats are high in sodium unless they are specifically labeled "low
sodium." Saltwater fish and shellfish are higher in sodium.
,A nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with a new diagnosis of gout. Which menu
suggestions by the client indicate to the nurse that the client needs additional instruction?
Select all that apply.
a. Carrots
b. Tapioca
c. Scallops
d. Broccoli
e. Chicken liver CORRECT ANSWER>>>>c. Scallops
e. Chicken Liver
Rationale: Organ meats such as liver, as well as certain sea foods, including scallops, sardines,
and herring, should be omitted from the diet of the client who with gout because of the high
purine content. The foods identified in the other options contain negligible amounts of purines
and may be consumed freely by the client with gout.
A clear liquid diet has been prescribed for client who has just undergone surgery. Which foods
should the nurse offer to the client? Select all that apply.
a. Custard
b. Apple juice
c. Orange juice
d. Chicken broth
e. Orange gelatin
f. Vanilla ice cream CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Apple juice
d. Chicken broth
e. Orange gelatin
,Rationale: A clear liquid diet consists of foods, such as apple juice, chicken broth, and gelatin,
which are relatively transparent. Custard, orange juice, and vanilla ice cream are components of
a full liquid diet.
Triamterene has been prescribed for a client with a history of hypertension. Which fruits should
the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat while taking this medication? Select all that apply.
a. Prunes
b. Apples
c. Peaches
d. Avocados
e. Nectarines
f. Cranberries CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Apples
c. Peaches
f. Cranberries
Rationale: Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, so the client should avoid foods high in
potassium. Fruits that are naturally high in potassium include dried prunes, avocado, bananas,
fresh oranges and mangoes, nectarines, and papayas.
Diverticulitis has been diagnosed in a client who has been experiencing episodes of
gastrointestinal cramping. The nurse should tell the client to maintain which type of diet, during
the asymptomatic period?
a. Low in fat
b. High in fiber
c. Low in residue
d. High in carbohydrates CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. High in fiber
, Rationale: When a client's diverticulitis is asymptomatic, a soft high-fiber diet containing fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains is recommended. The client is also instructed to consume a small
amount of bran daily and to take bulk-forming laxatives, if prescribed, to increase stool mass
and softness. Increasing fluid intake to 2500 to 3000 mL daily (unless contraindicated) is also
important. A low-fat diet may be healthy but is not specific to this disorder. A high-carbohydrate
diet is not helpful for the client with this condition.
A nurse is teaching a client with heart disease about a low-fat diet. Which foods should the
nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all that apply.
a. Avocados
b. Baked tuna
c. Green olives
d. Baked potato
e. Fresh cherries
f. Cream cheese CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Baked tuna
d. Baked potato
e. Fresh cherries
Rationale: Fruits and vegetables tend to be lower in fat because they do not come from animal
sources, although olives, though technically a fruit, are high in fat (as are avocados), and fish is
also naturally lower in fat. Meats and dairy products (e.g., cream cheese) are higher in fat,
although modifications can be made to these foods to reduce their fat content.
A client with atrial fibrillation has been placed on warfarin sodium. As part of the instructions
for the medication, which foods does the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all
that apply.
a. Lettuce
b. Cherries Correct
c. Broccoli
PRACTICE EXAM WITH WELL DETAILED QUESTION & ANSWERS
PERFECTLY A+ GRADED WITH RATIONALE
The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension about foods that are low in sodium. Which
menu selections by the client indicate to the nurse that the client understands what has been
taught? Select all that apply.
a. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes
b. Boiled lobster with baked potato
c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens
d. Instant hot cereal with bacon
e. Tomato soup with a ham sandwich CORRECT ANSWER>>>>a. Spaghetti with fresh
tomatoes
c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens
Rationale: Foods that are lower in sodium include fruits and vegetables, which do not contain
physiologic saline. Fresh poultry and pastas are also low in sodium. Highly processed and
refined foods and luncheon meats are high in sodium unless they are specifically labeled "low
sodium." Saltwater fish and shellfish are higher in sodium.
,A nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with a new diagnosis of gout. Which menu
suggestions by the client indicate to the nurse that the client needs additional instruction?
Select all that apply.
a. Carrots
b. Tapioca
c. Scallops
d. Broccoli
e. Chicken liver CORRECT ANSWER>>>>c. Scallops
e. Chicken Liver
Rationale: Organ meats such as liver, as well as certain sea foods, including scallops, sardines,
and herring, should be omitted from the diet of the client who with gout because of the high
purine content. The foods identified in the other options contain negligible amounts of purines
and may be consumed freely by the client with gout.
A clear liquid diet has been prescribed for client who has just undergone surgery. Which foods
should the nurse offer to the client? Select all that apply.
a. Custard
b. Apple juice
c. Orange juice
d. Chicken broth
e. Orange gelatin
f. Vanilla ice cream CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Apple juice
d. Chicken broth
e. Orange gelatin
,Rationale: A clear liquid diet consists of foods, such as apple juice, chicken broth, and gelatin,
which are relatively transparent. Custard, orange juice, and vanilla ice cream are components of
a full liquid diet.
Triamterene has been prescribed for a client with a history of hypertension. Which fruits should
the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat while taking this medication? Select all that apply.
a. Prunes
b. Apples
c. Peaches
d. Avocados
e. Nectarines
f. Cranberries CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Apples
c. Peaches
f. Cranberries
Rationale: Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, so the client should avoid foods high in
potassium. Fruits that are naturally high in potassium include dried prunes, avocado, bananas,
fresh oranges and mangoes, nectarines, and papayas.
Diverticulitis has been diagnosed in a client who has been experiencing episodes of
gastrointestinal cramping. The nurse should tell the client to maintain which type of diet, during
the asymptomatic period?
a. Low in fat
b. High in fiber
c. Low in residue
d. High in carbohydrates CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. High in fiber
, Rationale: When a client's diverticulitis is asymptomatic, a soft high-fiber diet containing fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains is recommended. The client is also instructed to consume a small
amount of bran daily and to take bulk-forming laxatives, if prescribed, to increase stool mass
and softness. Increasing fluid intake to 2500 to 3000 mL daily (unless contraindicated) is also
important. A low-fat diet may be healthy but is not specific to this disorder. A high-carbohydrate
diet is not helpful for the client with this condition.
A nurse is teaching a client with heart disease about a low-fat diet. Which foods should the
nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all that apply.
a. Avocados
b. Baked tuna
c. Green olives
d. Baked potato
e. Fresh cherries
f. Cream cheese CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Baked tuna
d. Baked potato
e. Fresh cherries
Rationale: Fruits and vegetables tend to be lower in fat because they do not come from animal
sources, although olives, though technically a fruit, are high in fat (as are avocados), and fish is
also naturally lower in fat. Meats and dairy products (e.g., cream cheese) are higher in fat,
although modifications can be made to these foods to reduce their fat content.
A client with atrial fibrillation has been placed on warfarin sodium. As part of the instructions
for the medication, which foods does the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all
that apply.
a. Lettuce
b. Cherries Correct
c. Broccoli
