2025 Updated Portage Learning
Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331
Final Exam | Certified Solutions for All
Versions
Comprehensive Study Guide with Questions and Answers
Updated: August 23, 2025
Prepared for Nursing and Biology Students
,Contents
1 Module 1: Cellular and Tissue Pathophysiology 2
2 Module 2: Neoplasia and Cancer 6
3 Module 3: Immune System and Inflammation 8
4 Module 4: Cardiovascular and Blood Disorders 9
5 Module 5: Respiratory System 10
6 Module 6: Nervous System 12
7 Module 7: Gastrointestinal System 13
8 Module 8: Renal System 15
9 Module 9: Endocrine System 16
10 Module 10: Musculoskeletal System 17
11 Final Exam Compilation 19
12 Additional Relevant Questions and Answers 21
1
, 1 Module 1: Cellular and Tissue Pathophysiology
Question 1: Do a bodybuilder’s muscles show hyperplasia?
Answer: False. It shows hypertrophy.
Question 2: Is Barrett esophagus an example of dysplasia?
Answer: False. It’s metaplasia.
Question 3: Is hypertrophy an increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to more cells?
Answer: False.
Question 4: Can lack of nerve stimulation cause cells to shrink?
Answer: True.
Question 5: What is the proportion of people with a disease who test positive for it called?
Answer: Sensitivity.
Question 6: What is it called when a test gives the same result if done again?
Answer: Reliability.
Question 7: What does it mean for a tool to measure what it is supposed to measure?
Answer: Validity.
Question 8: What is the term for people without a disease who test negative?
Answer: Specificity.
Question 9: Which is NOT true about the cytoskeleton?
Answer: It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes.
Question 10: Which statements are true about the cell? Select all that apply.
Answer: Proteins do the work of the cell membrane; Lysosomes are like the cell’s
digestive system; Microfilaments are thin, threadlike structures inside the cell.
Question 11: Which statements are true about the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
Answer: It controls what goes in and out from outside fluids; It helps with elec-
trical signals in nerve and muscle cells; It helps regulate cell growth and multipli-
cation.
Question 12: Which statements are false about the mitochondria? Select all that apply.
Answer: They are far from where energy is used; They control free radicals.
2
Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331
Final Exam | Certified Solutions for All
Versions
Comprehensive Study Guide with Questions and Answers
Updated: August 23, 2025
Prepared for Nursing and Biology Students
,Contents
1 Module 1: Cellular and Tissue Pathophysiology 2
2 Module 2: Neoplasia and Cancer 6
3 Module 3: Immune System and Inflammation 8
4 Module 4: Cardiovascular and Blood Disorders 9
5 Module 5: Respiratory System 10
6 Module 6: Nervous System 12
7 Module 7: Gastrointestinal System 13
8 Module 8: Renal System 15
9 Module 9: Endocrine System 16
10 Module 10: Musculoskeletal System 17
11 Final Exam Compilation 19
12 Additional Relevant Questions and Answers 21
1
, 1 Module 1: Cellular and Tissue Pathophysiology
Question 1: Do a bodybuilder’s muscles show hyperplasia?
Answer: False. It shows hypertrophy.
Question 2: Is Barrett esophagus an example of dysplasia?
Answer: False. It’s metaplasia.
Question 3: Is hypertrophy an increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to more cells?
Answer: False.
Question 4: Can lack of nerve stimulation cause cells to shrink?
Answer: True.
Question 5: What is the proportion of people with a disease who test positive for it called?
Answer: Sensitivity.
Question 6: What is it called when a test gives the same result if done again?
Answer: Reliability.
Question 7: What does it mean for a tool to measure what it is supposed to measure?
Answer: Validity.
Question 8: What is the term for people without a disease who test negative?
Answer: Specificity.
Question 9: Which is NOT true about the cytoskeleton?
Answer: It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes.
Question 10: Which statements are true about the cell? Select all that apply.
Answer: Proteins do the work of the cell membrane; Lysosomes are like the cell’s
digestive system; Microfilaments are thin, threadlike structures inside the cell.
Question 11: Which statements are true about the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
Answer: It controls what goes in and out from outside fluids; It helps with elec-
trical signals in nerve and muscle cells; It helps regulate cell growth and multipli-
cation.
Question 12: Which statements are false about the mitochondria? Select all that apply.
Answer: They are far from where energy is used; They control free radicals.
2
