PSYCH 2300 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Abnormal - answer Not normal, not average, not typical, deviating from a standard.
Deviating from the norm (stated and unstated rules for proper conduct in a specific
culture/society.)
Abnormal Psychology - answer The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to
describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning. (Clinical
psychologists collect information for clinical practitioners to help treat.)
The four D's - answer Deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
Deviance - answer Different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even bizarre. (ex. gender roles)
Distress - answer Unpleasant and upsetting to the person.
Dysfunction - answer Interfering with the person's ability to conduct daily activities in a
constructive way.
Danger - answer Posing risk of harm to oneself or others. (ex. criminal behavior)
Cultural Relativism - answer Judgements on abnormality vary from society to society as
norms grow from a particular culture.
Rosenhann's 1973 - answer His students and him acted mentally ill until admitted into a
mental hospital and then they acted normal. Although, they were still stigmatized by
staff and said to have been acting wrong even though they weren't.
Historical Perspectives - answer Natural theory, supernatural theories, and
psychological theories.
Natural Theory - answer Abnormal behavior is due to the breakdown of systems within
the body.
Supernatural Theory - answer Animism, abnormal behavior is the result of curses,
demonic possession, or personal sin.
Psychological Theory - answer Abnormal behavior is due to unresolved conflict or
trauma.
Treatment/therapy - answer A procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into
more normal behavior.
Therapy's 3 essential features: Jerome Frank - answer 1. A sufferer who seeks help
from a healer
,2. A trained, socially accepted healer, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and
his or her social group
3. A series of contacts between the healer, through which the healer tries to produce
certain changes in the sufferer's emotional state, attitudes, and behavior.
Somatogenic Perspective - answer The view that abnormal psychological functioning
has physical causes. (19th century) Only when medications were discovered in 1950s
was this theory accepted.
Psychogenic Perspective - answer The view that the chief causes of abnormal
functioning are psychological. (19th century) Studies of hypnotism used for hysteria
(pain with no apparent cause) demonstrated the potential for this theory.
Positive psychology - answer The study and enhancement of positive feelings such as
optimism and happiness, positive traits like hard work and wisdom.
Multicultural psychology - answer To understand how race, ethnicity, gender, and
similar factors affect behavior and thought and how people of different backgrounds
differ psychologically.
Psychotherapy can be conducted by - answer Clinical psychologists, counseling
psychologists, educational and school psychologists, psychiatric nurses, marriage
therapists, family therapists, and clinical social workers.
Actor/observer bias or fundamental attributes error - answer The tendency to attribute
our own behavior mainly to situational causes but the behavior of others mainly to
internal (dispositional) causes.
The elusive nature of abnormality - answer Thomas Snaz that mental illness is a myth.
Deviations called abnormal are only problems with the living. Societies invent the
concept of mental illness to better change or control people who threaten social order.
Stone age (ancient theories) - answer Abnormal behavior was caused by evil spirits
(supernatural theory). Trephination- a stone instrument was used to cut a circular hole
in the skull to release evil spirits.
Egyptian, Chinese, and Hebrew (ancient times) - answer Believed in evil spirits. tried to
rid them with exorcism- make person's body uncomfortable until evil spirits leave.
Shaman (priest) performed prayers and even whipped an abnormal person.
Ancient China - answer Yin and Yang- opposite forces are complimentary ad
, interdependent. Emotions are controlled by internal organs (natural theory).
Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome - answer Hysteria- a pain that has no cause.
Wandering uterus- if women had a pain they say the womb moved to that place and
caused the pain. Body humors- If you have an excess of yellow or black bile, blood, or
phlegm, you have a certain disease attached to that. (Natural theory)
Middle ages Europe - answer Blaming the devil (religion caused supernatural theories).
Animalism- acting possessed like an animal. Witchcraft. Psychic epidemics such as
jerusalem syndrome- religiously themed obsessive ideas or psychosis triggered by visit
to jerusalem.
Renaissance (12th-17th centuries) - answer Natural theories. Johann Weyer, first doctor
specialized in mental illness, believed mind was as susceptible to sickness as the body
was. Gheel shrine in Belgium- loving care for mental patients. The love didn't last long,
asylums emerged- primary purpose to care for mental illness. Overflow caused filthy
conditions and comparable to prison. Bedlam London- patients bound in chains and
became a popular attraction.
Phillippe Pinel - answer La Bicetre, asylum in paris for male patients 19th century.
Patients should be treated with sympathy. Offered support and advice. Created a safe
friendly environment.
William Tuke - answer An english Quaker who reformed Northern England for better
treatment. Founded York Retreat, treated with rest, talk, prayer, and manual work. 18th
century.
Moral treatment - answer Lead by Pinel and Tuke, emphasized moral guidance and
humane and respectful techniques.
Dorothea Dix - answer Boston school teacher, made humane care a public and political
concern for the U.S. 19th century. She went to state legislature and campaigned for new
laws to improve people with mental disorders. State hospitals emerged- intended to
offer moral treatment in the U.S.
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Abnormal - answer Not normal, not average, not typical, deviating from a standard.
Deviating from the norm (stated and unstated rules for proper conduct in a specific
culture/society.)
Abnormal Psychology - answer The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to
describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning. (Clinical
psychologists collect information for clinical practitioners to help treat.)
The four D's - answer Deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
Deviance - answer Different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even bizarre. (ex. gender roles)
Distress - answer Unpleasant and upsetting to the person.
Dysfunction - answer Interfering with the person's ability to conduct daily activities in a
constructive way.
Danger - answer Posing risk of harm to oneself or others. (ex. criminal behavior)
Cultural Relativism - answer Judgements on abnormality vary from society to society as
norms grow from a particular culture.
Rosenhann's 1973 - answer His students and him acted mentally ill until admitted into a
mental hospital and then they acted normal. Although, they were still stigmatized by
staff and said to have been acting wrong even though they weren't.
Historical Perspectives - answer Natural theory, supernatural theories, and
psychological theories.
Natural Theory - answer Abnormal behavior is due to the breakdown of systems within
the body.
Supernatural Theory - answer Animism, abnormal behavior is the result of curses,
demonic possession, or personal sin.
Psychological Theory - answer Abnormal behavior is due to unresolved conflict or
trauma.
Treatment/therapy - answer A procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into
more normal behavior.
Therapy's 3 essential features: Jerome Frank - answer 1. A sufferer who seeks help
from a healer
,2. A trained, socially accepted healer, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and
his or her social group
3. A series of contacts between the healer, through which the healer tries to produce
certain changes in the sufferer's emotional state, attitudes, and behavior.
Somatogenic Perspective - answer The view that abnormal psychological functioning
has physical causes. (19th century) Only when medications were discovered in 1950s
was this theory accepted.
Psychogenic Perspective - answer The view that the chief causes of abnormal
functioning are psychological. (19th century) Studies of hypnotism used for hysteria
(pain with no apparent cause) demonstrated the potential for this theory.
Positive psychology - answer The study and enhancement of positive feelings such as
optimism and happiness, positive traits like hard work and wisdom.
Multicultural psychology - answer To understand how race, ethnicity, gender, and
similar factors affect behavior and thought and how people of different backgrounds
differ psychologically.
Psychotherapy can be conducted by - answer Clinical psychologists, counseling
psychologists, educational and school psychologists, psychiatric nurses, marriage
therapists, family therapists, and clinical social workers.
Actor/observer bias or fundamental attributes error - answer The tendency to attribute
our own behavior mainly to situational causes but the behavior of others mainly to
internal (dispositional) causes.
The elusive nature of abnormality - answer Thomas Snaz that mental illness is a myth.
Deviations called abnormal are only problems with the living. Societies invent the
concept of mental illness to better change or control people who threaten social order.
Stone age (ancient theories) - answer Abnormal behavior was caused by evil spirits
(supernatural theory). Trephination- a stone instrument was used to cut a circular hole
in the skull to release evil spirits.
Egyptian, Chinese, and Hebrew (ancient times) - answer Believed in evil spirits. tried to
rid them with exorcism- make person's body uncomfortable until evil spirits leave.
Shaman (priest) performed prayers and even whipped an abnormal person.
Ancient China - answer Yin and Yang- opposite forces are complimentary ad
, interdependent. Emotions are controlled by internal organs (natural theory).
Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome - answer Hysteria- a pain that has no cause.
Wandering uterus- if women had a pain they say the womb moved to that place and
caused the pain. Body humors- If you have an excess of yellow or black bile, blood, or
phlegm, you have a certain disease attached to that. (Natural theory)
Middle ages Europe - answer Blaming the devil (religion caused supernatural theories).
Animalism- acting possessed like an animal. Witchcraft. Psychic epidemics such as
jerusalem syndrome- religiously themed obsessive ideas or psychosis triggered by visit
to jerusalem.
Renaissance (12th-17th centuries) - answer Natural theories. Johann Weyer, first doctor
specialized in mental illness, believed mind was as susceptible to sickness as the body
was. Gheel shrine in Belgium- loving care for mental patients. The love didn't last long,
asylums emerged- primary purpose to care for mental illness. Overflow caused filthy
conditions and comparable to prison. Bedlam London- patients bound in chains and
became a popular attraction.
Phillippe Pinel - answer La Bicetre, asylum in paris for male patients 19th century.
Patients should be treated with sympathy. Offered support and advice. Created a safe
friendly environment.
William Tuke - answer An english Quaker who reformed Northern England for better
treatment. Founded York Retreat, treated with rest, talk, prayer, and manual work. 18th
century.
Moral treatment - answer Lead by Pinel and Tuke, emphasized moral guidance and
humane and respectful techniques.
Dorothea Dix - answer Boston school teacher, made humane care a public and political
concern for the U.S. 19th century. She went to state legislature and campaigned for new
laws to improve people with mental disorders. State hospitals emerged- intended to
offer moral treatment in the U.S.
