2023 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI RN
QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
written by
kamumbi
www.stuvia.com
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, 2023 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI
RN QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
2020 ADVANCED likely to metastasize.D) The tumor is likely
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY to infiltrate the lung tissue that presently
HESI surrounds it.Ans: A Feedback:
RN QUESTIONS and Benign neoplasms typically grow by
ANSWERS expansion rather than invasion. As well,
1. Following routine colonoscopy
screening, a client is told that he had
several polyps removed. The client
began crying stating, “I just can't deal
with
cancer. I'm too young.” The nurse
responds:A) “Don't worry. We have some
great cancer doctors on staff. I'm sure
chemo will help you fight it.”B)
“Maybe if you're lucky, they have
stopped it from metastasizing to your
liver.”C) “A simple intestinal surgery
will cure you.”D) “Most colon polyps are
not cancerous. The biopsy results will
direct your care.”Ans: D Feedback:A
polyp is a growth that projects from a
mucosal surface, such as the intestine.
Although the term usually implies a benign
neoplasm, some malignant tumors also
appear as polyps. Adenomatous polyps are
considered precursors to adenocarcinomas
of the colon.
2. A lung biopsy and magnetic
resonance imaging have confirmed the
presence of a benign lung tumor in a
client. Which of the following
characteristics is associated with this
client's neoplasm?A)
The tumor will grow by expansion
and is likely encapsulated.B) The cells
that constitute the tumor are
undifferentiated, with atypical
structure.C)
If left untreated, the client's tumor is
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, 2023 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI
RN QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
they are usually contained within a fibrous Cancer in situ is a localized
capsule. Malignant tumors are associated
with undifferentiated cells, metastasis,
and infiltration of surrounding tissue.
3. A newly diagnosed lung cancer
client asks how his tumor spread
(metastasized) so fast without displaying
many signs/symptoms. The nurse
responds that malignant tumors affect
area tissues by:A)
Increasing tissue blood flowB)
Providing essential nutrientsC)
Liberating enzymes and
toxinsD) Forming fibrous
membranesAns: C
Feedback: Malignant tumors
affect area tissues by liberating enzymes
and toxins that destroy tumor tissue and
normal tissue. In addition, the malignant
cells compress area vessels, causing
ischemia and tissue necrosis. The high
metabolic rate of tumor growth causes
the tumor to deprive the normal tissues
of essential nutrients.
4. A client had a positive Pap smear.
The surgeon diagnosed “cancer in situ of
the cervix.” The client asks, “What does
this mean?” From the following
statements, which is most appropriate in
response to this question? The tumor
has:A) Been walled off within a
strong fibrous capsuleB) Developed a
distant infiltrationC) Not crossed the
basement membrane, so it can be
surgically removed with little chance of
growing backD) Grown
undifferentiated cells that no longer look
like the tissue from which it aroseAns: C
Feedback:
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RN QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
preinvasive lesion. As an example, in total mass of cells in a tumor to double. As
breast ductal carcinoma, in situ the cells the growth
have not crossed the basement
membrane. Depending on its location, an
in situ lesion usually can be removed
surgically or treated so that the chances of
recurrence are small. For example, cancer
in situ of the cervix is essentially 100%
curable.
5. While studying to become chemo-
certified, the nurse reviews some basic
concepts about cancer cells. When a client
asks about why the tumor grows so fast,
the nurse will respond based on which of
the following physiological principles?
Select all that apply.A) Cancer cells have
shorter cell cycle times than normal
cells.B) Cancer cells do not die when
they are programmed to die.C)Growth
factors prevents cancer cells from entering
resting (G0) cell cycle phase.D) Cancer
cells will reach a balance between cell
birth and cell death rate.E) Cancer cells
never reach a flattened growth rate.Ans:
B, C
Feedback: One of the reasons
cancerous tumors often seem to grow so
rapidly relates to the size of the cell pool
that is actively engaged in cycling. It has
been shown that the cell cycle time of
cancerous tissue cells is not necessarily
shorter than that of normal cells. Rather,
cancer cells do not die on schedule, and
growth factors prevent cells from exiting
the cell cycle and entering the G0 or
noncycling phase. The ratio of dividing
cells to resting cells in a tissue mass is
called the growth fraction. The doubling
time is the length of time it takes for the
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$103 per
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI RN
QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
written by
kamumbi
www.stuvia.com
Downloaded by: mgoldfie | Want to earn
$103 per
Distribution of this document is illegal month?
, 2023 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI
RN QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
2020 ADVANCED likely to metastasize.D) The tumor is likely
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY to infiltrate the lung tissue that presently
HESI surrounds it.Ans: A Feedback:
RN QUESTIONS and Benign neoplasms typically grow by
ANSWERS expansion rather than invasion. As well,
1. Following routine colonoscopy
screening, a client is told that he had
several polyps removed. The client
began crying stating, “I just can't deal
with
cancer. I'm too young.” The nurse
responds:A) “Don't worry. We have some
great cancer doctors on staff. I'm sure
chemo will help you fight it.”B)
“Maybe if you're lucky, they have
stopped it from metastasizing to your
liver.”C) “A simple intestinal surgery
will cure you.”D) “Most colon polyps are
not cancerous. The biopsy results will
direct your care.”Ans: D Feedback:A
polyp is a growth that projects from a
mucosal surface, such as the intestine.
Although the term usually implies a benign
neoplasm, some malignant tumors also
appear as polyps. Adenomatous polyps are
considered precursors to adenocarcinomas
of the colon.
2. A lung biopsy and magnetic
resonance imaging have confirmed the
presence of a benign lung tumor in a
client. Which of the following
characteristics is associated with this
client's neoplasm?A)
The tumor will grow by expansion
and is likely encapsulated.B) The cells
that constitute the tumor are
undifferentiated, with atypical
structure.C)
If left untreated, the client's tumor is
Downloaded by: mgoldfie | Want to earn
$103 per
Distribution of this document is illegal month?
, 2023 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI
RN QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
they are usually contained within a fibrous Cancer in situ is a localized
capsule. Malignant tumors are associated
with undifferentiated cells, metastasis,
and infiltration of surrounding tissue.
3. A newly diagnosed lung cancer
client asks how his tumor spread
(metastasized) so fast without displaying
many signs/symptoms. The nurse
responds that malignant tumors affect
area tissues by:A)
Increasing tissue blood flowB)
Providing essential nutrientsC)
Liberating enzymes and
toxinsD) Forming fibrous
membranesAns: C
Feedback: Malignant tumors
affect area tissues by liberating enzymes
and toxins that destroy tumor tissue and
normal tissue. In addition, the malignant
cells compress area vessels, causing
ischemia and tissue necrosis. The high
metabolic rate of tumor growth causes
the tumor to deprive the normal tissues
of essential nutrients.
4. A client had a positive Pap smear.
The surgeon diagnosed “cancer in situ of
the cervix.” The client asks, “What does
this mean?” From the following
statements, which is most appropriate in
response to this question? The tumor
has:A) Been walled off within a
strong fibrous capsuleB) Developed a
distant infiltrationC) Not crossed the
basement membrane, so it can be
surgically removed with little chance of
growing backD) Grown
undifferentiated cells that no longer look
like the tissue from which it aroseAns: C
Feedback:
Downloaded by: mgoldfie | Want to earn
$103 per
Distribution of this document is illegal month?
, 2023 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI
RN QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
preinvasive lesion. As an example, in total mass of cells in a tumor to double. As
breast ductal carcinoma, in situ the cells the growth
have not crossed the basement
membrane. Depending on its location, an
in situ lesion usually can be removed
surgically or treated so that the chances of
recurrence are small. For example, cancer
in situ of the cervix is essentially 100%
curable.
5. While studying to become chemo-
certified, the nurse reviews some basic
concepts about cancer cells. When a client
asks about why the tumor grows so fast,
the nurse will respond based on which of
the following physiological principles?
Select all that apply.A) Cancer cells have
shorter cell cycle times than normal
cells.B) Cancer cells do not die when
they are programmed to die.C)Growth
factors prevents cancer cells from entering
resting (G0) cell cycle phase.D) Cancer
cells will reach a balance between cell
birth and cell death rate.E) Cancer cells
never reach a flattened growth rate.Ans:
B, C
Feedback: One of the reasons
cancerous tumors often seem to grow so
rapidly relates to the size of the cell pool
that is actively engaged in cycling. It has
been shown that the cell cycle time of
cancerous tissue cells is not necessarily
shorter than that of normal cells. Rather,
cancer cells do not die on schedule, and
growth factors prevent cells from exiting
the cell cycle and entering the G0 or
noncycling phase. The ratio of dividing
cells to resting cells in a tissue mass is
called the growth fraction. The doubling
time is the length of time it takes for the
Downloaded by: mgoldfie | Want to earn
$103 per
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