Chapter1501:15Health15Defined:15Objectives15for15Promotion15and15Prev
ention15Edelman:15Health15Promotion15Throughout15the15Life15Span,1
58th15Edition
MULTIPLE15CHOICE
1. Which15model15of15health15is15most15likely15used15by15a15person15who15does15not15believe15in15preventive15h
ealth15care?
a. Clinical15model
b. Role15performance15model
c. Adaptive15model
d. Eudaimonistic15 model
ANS:1 5 A
The15clinical15model15of15health15views15the15absence15of15signs15and15symptoms15of15disease15as15indicative
15of15health.15People15who15use15this15model15wait15until15they15are15very15sick15to15seek15care.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Remember15(Knowledge) REF: p.153
2. A15person15with15chronic15back15pain15is15cared15for15by15her15primary15care15provider15
as15well15as15receives15acupuncture.15Which15model15of15health15does15this15person15lik
ely15favor?
a. Clinical15model
b. Role15performance15model
c. Adaptive15model
d. Eudaimonistic15 model
ANS:1 5 D
The15eudaimonistic15model15embodies15the15interaction15and15interrelationships15among15physical,15social,15
psychological,15and15spiritual15aspects15of15life15and15the15environment15in15goal15attainment15and15creating
15meaning15in15life.15Practitioners15who15practice15the15clinical15model15may15not15be15enough15for15someo
ne15who15believes15in15the15eudaimonistic15model.15Those15who15believe15in15the15eudaimonistic15model15o
ften15look15for15alternative15providers15of15care.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.153
3. A15state15of15physical,15mental,15spiritual,15and15social15functioning15that15realizes15a15person‘s
15potential15and15is15experienced15within15a15developmental15context15is15known15as:
a. growth15and15development.
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level15 wellness.
ANS:1 5 B
Health15is15defined15as15a15state15of15physical,15mental,15spiritual,15and15social15functioning15that15realizes15a1
5person‘s15potential15and15is15experienced15within15a15developmental15context.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Remember15(Knowledge) REF: p.155
4. Which15of15the15following15best15describes15a15client15who15has15an15illness?
a. Someone15who15has15well-controlled15diabetes
b. Someone15with15hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone15with15a15headache
d. Someone15with15coronary15artery15disease15w
ithout15angina15ANS:1 5 C
, Someone15with15a15headache15represents15a15person15with15an15illness.15An15illness15is15made15up15of15the1
5subjective15experience15of15the15individual15and15the15physical15manifestation15of15disease.15It15can15be15d
escribed15as15a15response15characterized15by15a15mismatch15between15a15person‘s15needs15and15the15resourc
es15available15to15meet15those15needs.15A15person15can15have15a15disease15without15feeling15ill.15The15other1
5choices15represent15disease.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Analyze15(Analysis) REF: p.156
5. Which15US15report15is15considered15a15landmark15document15in15creating15a15global15approach15to15health?
a. The15199015Health15Objectives15for15the15Nation:15A15Midcourse15Review
b. Healthy15People152020
c. Healthy15People152000
d. The15U.S.15Surgeon15General15Report
ANS:1 5 C
Healthy15People15200015and15its15Midcourse15Review15and15199515Revisions15were15landmark15document
s15in15which15a15consortium15of15people15representing15national15organizations15worked15with15US15Public
15Health15Service15officials15to15create15a15more15global15approach15to15health.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Remember15(Knowledge) REF: p.156
6. Which15of15the15following15represents15a15method15of15primary15prevention?
a. Informational15session15about15healthy15lifestyles
b. Blood15pressure15screening
c. Interventional15cardiac15catheterization
d. Diagnostic15cardiac15catheterization
ANS:1 5 A
Primary15prevention15precedes15disease15or15dysfunction.15It15includes15health15promotion15and15specific15prot
ection15and15encourages15increased15awareness;15thus,15education15about15healthy15lifestyles15fits15this15defin
ition.15Blood15pressure15screening15does15not15prevent15disease,15but15instead15identifies15it.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1511
7. Which15of15the15following15represents15a15method15of15secondary15prevention?
a. Self–breast15examination15education
b. Yearly15mammograms
c. Chemotherapy15for15advanced15breast15cancer
d. Complete15mastectomy15for15breast15cancer
ANS:1 5 B
Screening15is15secondary15prevention15because15the15principal15goal15of15screenings15is15to15identify15individ
uals15in15an15early,15detectable15stage15of15the15disease15process.15A15mammogram15is15a15screening15tool15
for15breast15cancer15and15thus15is15considered15a15method15of15secondary15prevention.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1515
8. Which15of15the15following15represents15a15method15of15tertiary15prevention?
a. Drunk15driving15campaign
b. Road15blocks15for15drunk15driving
c. Emergency15surgery15for15head15trauma15after15a15motor15vehicle15accident
d. Physical15and15occupational15therapy15after15a15motor15vehicle15accident
15with15head15trauma15ANS:1 5 D
, Physical15therapy15and15occupational15therapy15are15considered15tertiary15prevention.15Tertiary15prevention15
occurs15when15a15defect15or15disability15is15permanent15and15irreversible.15It15involves15minimizing15the15ef
fect15of15disease15and15disability.15The15objective15of15tertiary15prevention15is15to15maximize15remaining15c
apacities.
DIF:1 5 1 5 Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1515
9. In15reviewing15a15person‘s15medical15claims,15a15nurse15realizes15that15the15individual15with15moderate15per
sistent15asthma15has15had15several15emergency15department15visits15and15is15not15on15inhaled15steroids15as
15recommended15by15the15NHLBI15asthma15management15guidelines.15The15nurse15discusses15this15with15
the15person‘s15primary15care15provider.15In15this15scenario,15the15nurse15is15acting15as15a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care15manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 5 B
Care15managers15act15to15prevent15duplication15of15service15and15reduce15cost.15Care15managers15base15
recommendation1 5 on15reliable15data15sources15such15as15evidence-based15practices15and15protocols.
DIF:1 5 1 5 Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1515
10. During15a15home15visit,15a15nurse15assists15an15individual15to15complete15an15application15for15disability1
5services.15The15nurse15is15acting15as15a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care15manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 5 A
The15advocacy15role15of15the15nurse15helps15individuals15obtain15what15they15are15entitled15to15receive15
from15the15health15care15system,15tries15to15make15the15system15more15responsive15to15individuals‘15com
munity15needs,15and15assists15individuals15in15developing15skills15to15advocate15for15themselves.
DIF:1 5 1 5 Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1515
11. During15a15home15visit,15a15nurse15discusses15the15dangers15of15smoking15with15an15individual.15In15thi
s15scenario15the15nurse15is15acting15as15a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care15manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 5 D
Health15education15is15a15primary15prevention15technique15available15to15avoid15major15causes15of15dise
ase.15Teaching15can15range15from15a15chance15remark15to15a15planned15lesson.
DIF:1 5 1 5 Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1516
12. A15nurse15is15asked15to15provide15an15expert15opinion15about15the15development15of15an15edu
cation15program15for15newly15diagnosed15diabetics.15In15this15scenario,15the15nurse15is15actin
g15as15a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care15manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS:1 5 C
Nurses15with15a15specialized15area15of15expertise15provide15education15about15health15promotion15and15disease
15prevention15to15individuals15and15groups15as15consultants.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1516
13. A15nurse15is15planning15to15deliver15an15educational15program15to15individuals15with15diabet
es.15Which15of15the15following15should15be15the15initial15action15taken15by15the15nurse15to1
5ensure15the15success15of15the15program?
a. Assess15the15motivation15level15of15the15individuals
b. Assess15the15knowledge15level15of15the15individuals
c. Establish15teacher-learner15goals15with15the15individuals
d. Establish15multiple15teaching15sessions15with15the15individuals
ANS:1 5 B
Selection15of15the15methods15most15likely15to15succeed15involves15the15establishment15of15teacher-
learner15goals.15Thus,15the15first15step15by15the15nurse15should15be15establishment15of15goals.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Analyze15(Analysis) REF: p.1516
14. The15conscientious,15explicit,15and15judicious15use15of15current15best15evidence15in15making15decision
s15about15the15care15of15individuals15is15known15as:
a. health-related15quality15of15life.
b. evidence-based15 practice.
c. a15Healthy15People15201015goal.
d. the15ecological15model15of15health.
ANS:1 5 B
Evidence-
based15practice15is15defined15as15the15conscientious,15explicit,15and15judicious15use15of15current15best15evidenc
e15in15making15decisions15about15the15care15of15individuals.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Remember15(Knowledge) REF: p.1516
15. Which15research15methodology15should15be15used15to15address15the15question,15―What15is15the15dif
ference15in15the15infection15rates15between15individuals15who15receive15twice-a-
day15dressing15changes15versus15once-a-day15dressing15changes?‖
a. Evidence-based15practice15research
b. Qualitative15research
c. Quantitative15 research
d. Clinical15judgment15research
ANS:1 5 C
Quantitative15research15studies15describe15situations,15correlate15different15variables15related15to15care,15or
15test15causal15relationships15among15variables15related15to15care.15Evidence-
based15practice15research15and15clinical15judgment15research15are15not15research15methodologies;15they15ar
e15used15to15answer15clinical15questions.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1516
16. The15question,15―What15is15the15experience15of15teenagers15who15lose15a15sibling15to15cancer?‖15can15
best15be15answered15by15using15which15research15methodology?
a. Evidence-based15practice15research
b. Qualitative15research
c. Quantitative15 research
d. Clinical15judgment15resear
ch15ANS:15B
ention15Edelman:15Health15Promotion15Throughout15the15Life15Span,1
58th15Edition
MULTIPLE15CHOICE
1. Which15model15of15health15is15most15likely15used15by15a15person15who15does15not15believe15in15preventive15h
ealth15care?
a. Clinical15model
b. Role15performance15model
c. Adaptive15model
d. Eudaimonistic15 model
ANS:1 5 A
The15clinical15model15of15health15views15the15absence15of15signs15and15symptoms15of15disease15as15indicative
15of15health.15People15who15use15this15model15wait15until15they15are15very15sick15to15seek15care.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Remember15(Knowledge) REF: p.153
2. A15person15with15chronic15back15pain15is15cared15for15by15her15primary15care15provider15
as15well15as15receives15acupuncture.15Which15model15of15health15does15this15person15lik
ely15favor?
a. Clinical15model
b. Role15performance15model
c. Adaptive15model
d. Eudaimonistic15 model
ANS:1 5 D
The15eudaimonistic15model15embodies15the15interaction15and15interrelationships15among15physical,15social,15
psychological,15and15spiritual15aspects15of15life15and15the15environment15in15goal15attainment15and15creating
15meaning15in15life.15Practitioners15who15practice15the15clinical15model15may15not15be15enough15for15someo
ne15who15believes15in15the15eudaimonistic15model.15Those15who15believe15in15the15eudaimonistic15model15o
ften15look15for15alternative15providers15of15care.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.153
3. A15state15of15physical,15mental,15spiritual,15and15social15functioning15that15realizes15a15person‘s
15potential15and15is15experienced15within15a15developmental15context15is15known15as:
a. growth15and15development.
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level15 wellness.
ANS:1 5 B
Health15is15defined15as15a15state15of15physical,15mental,15spiritual,15and15social15functioning15that15realizes15a1
5person‘s15potential15and15is15experienced15within15a15developmental15context.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Remember15(Knowledge) REF: p.155
4. Which15of15the15following15best15describes15a15client15who15has15an15illness?
a. Someone15who15has15well-controlled15diabetes
b. Someone15with15hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone15with15a15headache
d. Someone15with15coronary15artery15disease15w
ithout15angina15ANS:1 5 C
, Someone15with15a15headache15represents15a15person15with15an15illness.15An15illness15is15made15up15of15the1
5subjective15experience15of15the15individual15and15the15physical15manifestation15of15disease.15It15can15be15d
escribed15as15a15response15characterized15by15a15mismatch15between15a15person‘s15needs15and15the15resourc
es15available15to15meet15those15needs.15A15person15can15have15a15disease15without15feeling15ill.15The15other1
5choices15represent15disease.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Analyze15(Analysis) REF: p.156
5. Which15US15report15is15considered15a15landmark15document15in15creating15a15global15approach15to15health?
a. The15199015Health15Objectives15for15the15Nation:15A15Midcourse15Review
b. Healthy15People152020
c. Healthy15People152000
d. The15U.S.15Surgeon15General15Report
ANS:1 5 C
Healthy15People15200015and15its15Midcourse15Review15and15199515Revisions15were15landmark15document
s15in15which15a15consortium15of15people15representing15national15organizations15worked15with15US15Public
15Health15Service15officials15to15create15a15more15global15approach15to15health.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Remember15(Knowledge) REF: p.156
6. Which15of15the15following15represents15a15method15of15primary15prevention?
a. Informational15session15about15healthy15lifestyles
b. Blood15pressure15screening
c. Interventional15cardiac15catheterization
d. Diagnostic15cardiac15catheterization
ANS:1 5 A
Primary15prevention15precedes15disease15or15dysfunction.15It15includes15health15promotion15and15specific15prot
ection15and15encourages15increased15awareness;15thus,15education15about15healthy15lifestyles15fits15this15defin
ition.15Blood15pressure15screening15does15not15prevent15disease,15but15instead15identifies15it.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1511
7. Which15of15the15following15represents15a15method15of15secondary15prevention?
a. Self–breast15examination15education
b. Yearly15mammograms
c. Chemotherapy15for15advanced15breast15cancer
d. Complete15mastectomy15for15breast15cancer
ANS:1 5 B
Screening15is15secondary15prevention15because15the15principal15goal15of15screenings15is15to15identify15individ
uals15in15an15early,15detectable15stage15of15the15disease15process.15A15mammogram15is15a15screening15tool15
for15breast15cancer15and15thus15is15considered15a15method15of15secondary15prevention.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1515
8. Which15of15the15following15represents15a15method15of15tertiary15prevention?
a. Drunk15driving15campaign
b. Road15blocks15for15drunk15driving
c. Emergency15surgery15for15head15trauma15after15a15motor15vehicle15accident
d. Physical15and15occupational15therapy15after15a15motor15vehicle15accident
15with15head15trauma15ANS:1 5 D
, Physical15therapy15and15occupational15therapy15are15considered15tertiary15prevention.15Tertiary15prevention15
occurs15when15a15defect15or15disability15is15permanent15and15irreversible.15It15involves15minimizing15the15ef
fect15of15disease15and15disability.15The15objective15of15tertiary15prevention15is15to15maximize15remaining15c
apacities.
DIF:1 5 1 5 Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1515
9. In15reviewing15a15person‘s15medical15claims,15a15nurse15realizes15that15the15individual15with15moderate15per
sistent15asthma15has15had15several15emergency15department15visits15and15is15not15on15inhaled15steroids15as
15recommended15by15the15NHLBI15asthma15management15guidelines.15The15nurse15discusses15this15with15
the15person‘s15primary15care15provider.15In15this15scenario,15the15nurse15is15acting15as15a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care15manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 5 B
Care15managers15act15to15prevent15duplication15of15service15and15reduce15cost.15Care15managers15base15
recommendation1 5 on15reliable15data15sources15such15as15evidence-based15practices15and15protocols.
DIF:1 5 1 5 Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1515
10. During15a15home15visit,15a15nurse15assists15an15individual15to15complete15an15application15for15disability1
5services.15The15nurse15is15acting15as15a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care15manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 5 A
The15advocacy15role15of15the15nurse15helps15individuals15obtain15what15they15are15entitled15to15receive15
from15the15health15care15system,15tries15to15make15the15system15more15responsive15to15individuals‘15com
munity15needs,15and15assists15individuals15in15developing15skills15to15advocate15for15themselves.
DIF:1 5 1 5 Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1515
11. During15a15home15visit,15a15nurse15discusses15the15dangers15of15smoking15with15an15individual.15In15thi
s15scenario15the15nurse15is15acting15as15a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care15manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 5 D
Health15education15is15a15primary15prevention15technique15available15to15avoid15major15causes15of15dise
ase.15Teaching15can15range15from15a15chance15remark15to15a15planned15lesson.
DIF:1 5 1 5 Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1516
12. A15nurse15is15asked15to15provide15an15expert15opinion15about15the15development15of15an15edu
cation15program15for15newly15diagnosed15diabetics.15In15this15scenario,15the15nurse15is15actin
g15as15a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care15manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS:1 5 C
Nurses15with15a15specialized15area15of15expertise15provide15education15about15health15promotion15and15disease
15prevention15to15individuals15and15groups15as15consultants.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1516
13. A15nurse15is15planning15to15deliver15an15educational15program15to15individuals15with15diabet
es.15Which15of15the15following15should15be15the15initial15action15taken15by15the15nurse15to1
5ensure15the15success15of15the15program?
a. Assess15the15motivation15level15of15the15individuals
b. Assess15the15knowledge15level15of15the15individuals
c. Establish15teacher-learner15goals15with15the15individuals
d. Establish15multiple15teaching15sessions15with15the15individuals
ANS:1 5 B
Selection15of15the15methods15most15likely15to15succeed15involves15the15establishment15of15teacher-
learner15goals.15Thus,15the15first15step15by15the15nurse15should15be15establishment15of15goals.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Analyze15(Analysis) REF: p.1516
14. The15conscientious,15explicit,15and15judicious15use15of15current15best15evidence15in15making15decision
s15about15the15care15of15individuals15is15known15as:
a. health-related15quality15of15life.
b. evidence-based15 practice.
c. a15Healthy15People15201015goal.
d. the15ecological15model15of15health.
ANS:1 5 B
Evidence-
based15practice15is15defined15as15the15conscientious,15explicit,15and15judicious15use15of15current15best15evidenc
e15in15making15decisions15about15the15care15of15individuals.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Remember15(Knowledge) REF: p.1516
15. Which15research15methodology15should15be15used15to15address15the15question,15―What15is15the15dif
ference15in15the15infection15rates15between15individuals15who15receive15twice-a-
day15dressing15changes15versus15once-a-day15dressing15changes?‖
a. Evidence-based15practice15research
b. Qualitative15research
c. Quantitative15 research
d. Clinical15judgment15research
ANS:1 5 C
Quantitative15research15studies15describe15situations,15correlate15different15variables15related15to15care,15or
15test15causal15relationships15among15variables15related15to15care.15Evidence-
based15practice15research15and15clinical15judgment15research15are15not15research15methodologies;15they15ar
e15used15to15answer15clinical15questions.
DIF: Cognitive15Level:15Apply15(Application) REF: p.1516
16. The15question,15―What15is15the15experience15of15teenagers15who15lose15a15sibling15to15cancer?‖15can15
best15be15answered15by15using15which15research15methodology?
a. Evidence-based15practice15research
b. Qualitative15research
c. Quantitative15 research
d. Clinical15judgment15resear
ch15ANS:15B
