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Exam (elaborations)

Exam FX- CH 4 - Property& casaulty insurance basics

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Loss Ratio Formula - answers(Incurred Losses+Loss Adjusting Expense)/Earned Premium Insurable Interest - answersOwnership Stand to suffer economic loss Components - answersFactors that determine rates including loss reserves, loss adjusting expenses, operating expenses, and profits Hazards - answersPhysical: tangible subject of insurance increasing chance of loss (exposed wire) Moral: Dishonest predisposition of IN (defraud insurer) Morale: IN doesn't care about insured property, carelessness Elements of Negligent Act - answersLegal Duty Standard of Care Proximate Cause Actual Loss or Damage Negligence - Legal Duty - answersMust be shown that the defendant had legal duty to act or not act Negligence - Standard of Care - answersDefendant must have used a standard of care that breached legal duty, implies acting as a reasonable person would act Negligence - Proximate Cause - answersA natural and reasonably foreseeable cause of the damage that occurs and damages property or injures plaintiff. An unbroken chain of events beginning w/ the negligence and leading to injury/damage Negligence - Actual Loss or Damage - answersMere fact that carelessness existed is not sufficient cause for legal liability - actual injury or damage must have been suffered by party seeking recovery Defense Against Negligence - Intentional Tort - answersDeliberate act that causes harm to another person regardless of intention to injure Defense Against Negligence - Libel - answersWritten or printed untrue statement that injures a reputation

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Institution
Property And Casualty Insurance
Course
Property and Casualty Insurance








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Institution
Property and Casualty Insurance
Course
Property and Casualty Insurance

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Uploaded on
August 21, 2025
Number of pages
2
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Exam (elaborations)
Contains
Questions & answers

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7

Loss Ratio Formula - answers(Incurred Losses+Loss Adjusting Expense)/Earned
Premium

Insurable Interest - answersOwnership
Stand to suffer economic loss

Components - answersFactors that determine rates including loss reserves, loss
adjusting expenses, operating expenses, and profits

Hazards - answersPhysical: tangible subject of insurance increasing chance of loss
(exposed wire)
Moral: Dishonest predisposition of IN (defraud insurer)
Morale: IN doesn't care about insured property, carelessness

Elements of Negligent Act - answersLegal Duty
Standard of Care
Proximate Cause
Actual Loss or Damage

Negligence - Legal Duty - answersMust be shown that the defendant had legal duty to
act or not act

Negligence - Standard of Care - answersDefendant must have used a standard of care
that breached legal duty, implies acting as a reasonable person would act

Negligence - Proximate Cause - answersA natural and reasonably foreseeable cause of
the damage that occurs and damages property or injures plaintiff.
An unbroken chain of events beginning w/ the negligence and leading to injury/damage

Negligence - Actual Loss or Damage - answersMere fact that carelessness existed is
not sufficient cause for legal liability - actual injury or damage must have been suffered
by party seeking recovery

Defense Against Negligence - Intentional Tort - answersDeliberate act that causes harm
to another person regardless of intention to injure

Defense Against Negligence - Libel - answersWritten or printed untrue statement that
injures a reputation

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